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Unit 3
1. 【课本原句】What are you doing for vacation?
【思路点拨】1)此句是一个现在进行时的句子,它的结构是:主语+be+现在分词+其他成分,它常用来表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。但英语中有些表示短暂性动作的单词如go, come, leave, arrive, start等,可用它们的进行时态表示在将来某段时间进行的动作,即用现在进行时表达一般将来时的意义。例如:
Where are you going? 你要到哪儿去?
The bus is coming. 公交车开过来了。
2)此处for的意思是“为了,供,适合于”,表示用途、目的、目标、愿望等。例如:
What do you study English for? 你学英语是为了什么?
I’m going to Hawaii for my vacation. 我要到夏威夷去度假。
【典题例证】——Jim, can you help me to wash the dishes?
——Sorry, Dad, I ____ to the shop.
A. go B. went C. am going D. have been
【答案简析】C根据句意此处是一个将要发生的动作。
2. 【课本原句】I’m babysitting my sister.
【思路点拨】babysit用作及物动词,意思是“照顾”,相当于look after或take care of。稍有区别的是前者专用来指“照看婴儿”,而后者既可以是照顾“人”,也可以是照顾“物”。例如:
Alice is babysitting her sister. 艾丽斯要照看她妹妹。
Tom was late for school because he looked after his mother in the hospital last night.
汤姆上学迟到了,因为他昨天晚上在医院照顾他妈妈。
3. 【课本原句】I’m going camping.
【思路点拨】“go+动词-ing”这种结构常用来在英语中表示娱乐活动或体育活动。例如:
Did you go swimming the day before yesterday? 前天你去游泳了吗?
His mother goes shopping every Saturday. 他妈妈每个星期六都去买东西。
【典题例证】——What are you doing this Sunday?
——I’m ____ with Tony.
A. going fishing B. go fishing C. going to fishing D. will going fishing
【答案简析】A go fishing是个固定搭配,根据句意此处是用进行时表达一个将来的动作,故A是正确答案。
4. 【课本原句】They’re relaxing at home.
【思路点拨】1)relax用作不及物动词时,意思是“放松,休息、修养、松弛”。例如:
You always work hard; you’d better relax.你工作总是太辛苦,最好放松一下。
He lies down and lets his eyes and mind relax.他躺下让眼睛和脑子休息一下。
2)at home意思是“在家里”,是一个固定搭配,类似的短语还有at school(在学校); at the cinema(在电影院,看电影); at work(在工作,在上班); at night(在晚上,在夜里)。例如:
I called you yesterday afternoon, but you weren’t at home.
昨天下午我给你打电话,但你不在家。
Look!Mr. Black is at work. 瞧,布莱克先生在工作。
【典题例证】——I hate to go out. It’s too noisy.
——Why not watch TV ____ home?
A. in B. to C. on D. at
【答案简析】D “在家中”是个习惯搭配,用介词at。
5. 【课本原句】Show me your photos when we get back to school.
【思路点拨】1)“让某人看某物”的句式是show sb. sth./show sth. to sb.,先说间接宾语后说直接宾语;或者先说直接宾语,再说间接宾语,但在它们之间要加上一个介词to。例如:
Show me your ticket, please. 请出示你的票。
Nancy showed her color photos to me. 南希让我看她的彩照。
2)get back意思是“回来”,其后常跟介词to,它的同义短语有:be back to/come back to。例如:
When Tony got back to school, he was much stronger than before.
当托尼回到学校时,他比以前强壮得多。
Tina is getting back to the factory next Monday, I think.
我认为蒂娜下个星期一会回到工厂来的。
【典题例证】You should show him your ticket before you come into the cinema.
(改为同义句)
You should ____ your ticket ____ him before you come into the cinema.
【答案简析】show, to。“向某人出示……”是:show sb. sth.或show sth. to sb。
【典题例证】——Where’s Jim?
——He’s gone to the store. He’ll ____ here in a few minutes.
A. get to B. get back C. take back D. give back
【答案简析】B根据He’s gone to the store.可知,此处是“返回来”。
6. 【课本原句】He thought about going to Greece or Spain, but finally decided on Canada.
【思路点拨】decide用作及物动词时,意思是“决定”,其后常跟动词不定式、从句;用作不及物动词时,意思是“决定,判定”,其后常跟against, for, on等引导的介词短语。例如:
Jack decided to go on Monday. 杰克决定星期一走。
I decided that I would tell Sally about it. 我决定把那件事情告诉萨莉。
【典题例证】Many people decided ____(move) to the countryside because of much air pollution in the city. (用所给动词的适当形式填空)
【答案简析】to move。decided之后常跟动词不定式作它的宾语。
7. 【课本原句】He plans to have a very relaxing vacation.
【思路点拨】plan既可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词,意思是“计划,设计”。他的主要句式是plan to do sth. 计划干某事。例如:
I plan to spend my vacation in Guangzhou. 我计划去广州度假。
They have been planning the visit for weeks. 他们计划这次访问已经有好几个星期了。
We are planning to start next Wednesday. 我们计划下星期三动身。
【典题例证】——Where will you spend your summer vacation, John?
——I plan ____ it in Liugong Island.
A. spending B. to spend C. is spent D. spend
【答案简析】B “计划干某事”是plan to do sth.。
8. 【课本原句】I hope I can forget all my problems!
【思路点拨】forget常用作及物动词,意为“忘,忘记”,后面可以跟名词、代词、动词不定式作它的宾语,也可以跟一个宾语从句。例如:
I forget her name. 我忘了她的名字。
I forgot to tell him about it. 我忘记把这事告诉他了。
Don’t forget that we are going to the cinema tonight. 别忘记我们今天晚上去看电影。
【典题例证】My aunt forgot ____.
A. where she first met John B. where did she first meet John
C. where she first meets John D. where does she first meet John
【答案简析】A宾语从句要用陈述语序。
Unit 4
1. 【课本原句】How do you get to school?
【思路点拨】How do you get to…?用来询问对方通常如何去某地。句中的“how”为特殊疑问词,常用来对方式,方法提问,意为“如何、怎样”。例如:
How does he go to the people’s square? 他是如何去人民广场的?
【典题例证】“____ do you study for a test?” “I study by working with a group.”
A. What B. Whom C. How D. Where
【答案简析】C本题旨在考查疑问词的用法。根据答句“I study by working with a group.”,可推知在询问方式,所以用how表达。
2. 【课文原句】In Japan, most students take trains to school, although others also walk or ride their bikes.
【思路点拨】although, conj. 虽然,尽管,是表示转折的连词,可以放在句中,也可以放在句首。例如:
Although the style of my computer is out of fashion, I don’t want to buy a new one.
尽管我的电脑样式已经不流行了,我也不想买新的。
My room is comfortable although it’s small. 我的房间尽管很小,却很舒服。
【典题例证】____ they arrived early at the airport, they nearly missed their flight.
A. If B. Because C. As soon as D. Although
【答案简析】D尽管他们很早就到了机场,但还是差一点错过飞机。if如果;because因为;as soon as一……就……;although虽然,尽管。根据题意,选项D最合适。
3. 【课文原句】And in places where there are rivers and lakes, like Hongshanhu and Kaishandao, students usually go to school by boat.
【思路点拨】此句为定语从句,places为这句话的先行词,where为关系副词,它代替先行词在从句中作地点状语。where的用法为:它在从句中作地点状语,指代地点。例如:
This is the place where I was born. 这就是我出生的地方。
The hall where we stayed was very noisy. 我们待的那个大厅很吵。
【典题例证】“The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children, isn’t it?” “Yes, it has built many schools ____ those children can study happily.”
A. where B. when C. which
【答案简析】A “希望工程的责任是帮助贫穷的孩子,是吗?” “是的,已经建了许多学校,孩子们可以在那里快乐地学习。”此句考查定语从句,先行词是地点名称schools,故用where。
4. 【课本原句】That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus!
【思路点拨】主语+must+v.(状态动词或系动词)表示对于现在状态的推测。例如:
Lucy must be in the kitchen. 露茜肯定在厨房呢。
【典题例证】I’m sure this book ____ Li Lei’s, because there is his name on it.
A. can’t be B. may be C. might be D. must be
【答案简析】D本题旨在考查情态动词表推测的用法。由从句意思“因为上面有他的名字,所以一定是李雷的”,可知此处用must表把握性大的肯定推测。
5. 【课本原句】Students in Hongshanhu and Kaishandao have to take a boat to get to school.
【思路点拨】have to不得不,表示客观的义务或需要。例如:
It’s getting late; I have to go home. 天色晚了,我得回家了。(客观条件决定)
区别:must必须,表示主观意念。例如:
I must go home now. 我现在必须回家。(主观上认为该走了)
注意:have to用于否定句中,表示没必要。例如:
“Must I leave now?” “No, you don’t have to/needn’t.” “我现在必须走吗?” “不,没必要。”
区别:must的否定式表不许。例如:
You mustn’t play on the boat. 不许在船上玩。
【典题例证】“I can’t stop smoking, doctor.” “For your health, I’m afraid you ____.”
A. may B. need C. have to D. must
【答案简析】C句意:“我戒不了烟,医生。”“为了你的健康,恐怕你必须戒掉。”may“可以”;need“需要”; have to“不得不”,表示客观上必须做; must“必须”,表示主观愿望。根据句意,应选C。
6. 【课文原句】If you have a problem, you can ask a policeman for help.
【思路点拨】此句为if引导的条件状语从句。if表如果,所在句用一般现在时态时,主句用一般将来时或情态动词加动词原形。例如:
If you come here tomorrow, I will meet you.
如果你明天来,我就会见你。(if所在句实际是用一般现在时表示将来)
We must finish doing the work, if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
如果明天不下雨的话,我们必须完成那项工作。
【典题例证】Tomorrow we’ll go to the city park ____ it is sunny.
A. as soon as B. when C. if D. as
【答案简析】C as soon as, when和as均引导时间状语从句;if在本题中意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句。句意:如果明天天气好,我们将去公园。
7. 【课文原句】Other parts of the world are different from the United States.
【思路点拨】be different from是一个固定短语,意思是“与……不同”。例如:
My bike is different from yours. 我的自行车与你的不一样。
【典题例证】Soccer is different ____ American football. It’s played all over the world.
A. from B. for C. in D. on
【答案简析】A 表示“与……不同”用固定短语be different from。
1. 【课本原句】What are you doing for vacation?
【思路点拨】1)此句是一个现在进行时的句子,它的结构是:主语+be+现在分词+其他成分,它常用来表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。但英语中有些表示短暂性动作的单词如go, come, leave, arrive, start等,可用它们的进行时态表示在将来某段时间进行的动作,即用现在进行时表达一般将来时的意义。例如:
Where are you going? 你要到哪儿去?
The bus is coming. 公交车开过来了。
2)此处for的意思是“为了,供,适合于”,表示用途、目的、目标、愿望等。例如:
What do you study English for? 你学英语是为了什么?
I’m going to Hawaii for my vacation. 我要到夏威夷去度假。
【典题例证】——Jim, can you help me to wash the dishes?
——Sorry, Dad, I ____ to the shop.
A. go B. went C. am going D. have been
【答案简析】C根据句意此处是一个将要发生的动作。
2. 【课本原句】I’m babysitting my sister.
【思路点拨】babysit用作及物动词,意思是“照顾”,相当于look after或take care of。稍有区别的是前者专用来指“照看婴儿”,而后者既可以是照顾“人”,也可以是照顾“物”。例如:
Alice is babysitting her sister. 艾丽斯要照看她妹妹。
Tom was late for school because he looked after his mother in the hospital last night.
汤姆上学迟到了,因为他昨天晚上在医院照顾他妈妈。
3. 【课本原句】I’m going camping.
【思路点拨】“go+动词-ing”这种结构常用来在英语中表示娱乐活动或体育活动。例如:
Did you go swimming the day before yesterday? 前天你去游泳了吗?
His mother goes shopping every Saturday. 他妈妈每个星期六都去买东西。
【典题例证】——What are you doing this Sunday?
——I’m ____ with Tony.
A. going fishing B. go fishing C. going to fishing D. will going fishing
【答案简析】A go fishing是个固定搭配,根据句意此处是用进行时表达一个将来的动作,故A是正确答案。
4. 【课本原句】They’re relaxing at home.
【思路点拨】1)relax用作不及物动词时,意思是“放松,休息、修养、松弛”。例如:
You always work hard; you’d better relax.你工作总是太辛苦,最好放松一下。
He lies down and lets his eyes and mind relax.他躺下让眼睛和脑子休息一下。
2)at home意思是“在家里”,是一个固定搭配,类似的短语还有at school(在学校); at the cinema(在电影院,看电影); at work(在工作,在上班); at night(在晚上,在夜里)。例如:
I called you yesterday afternoon, but you weren’t at home.
昨天下午我给你打电话,但你不在家。
Look!Mr. Black is at work. 瞧,布莱克先生在工作。
【典题例证】——I hate to go out. It’s too noisy.
——Why not watch TV ____ home?
A. in B. to C. on D. at
【答案简析】D “在家中”是个习惯搭配,用介词at。
5. 【课本原句】Show me your photos when we get back to school.
【思路点拨】1)“让某人看某物”的句式是show sb. sth./show sth. to sb.,先说间接宾语后说直接宾语;或者先说直接宾语,再说间接宾语,但在它们之间要加上一个介词to。例如:
Show me your ticket, please. 请出示你的票。
Nancy showed her color photos to me. 南希让我看她的彩照。
2)get back意思是“回来”,其后常跟介词to,它的同义短语有:be back to/come back to。例如:
When Tony got back to school, he was much stronger than before.
当托尼回到学校时,他比以前强壮得多。
Tina is getting back to the factory next Monday, I think.
我认为蒂娜下个星期一会回到工厂来的。
【典题例证】You should show him your ticket before you come into the cinema.
(改为同义句)
You should ____ your ticket ____ him before you come into the cinema.
【答案简析】show, to。“向某人出示……”是:show sb. sth.或show sth. to sb。
【典题例证】——Where’s Jim?
——He’s gone to the store. He’ll ____ here in a few minutes.
A. get to B. get back C. take back D. give back
【答案简析】B根据He’s gone to the store.可知,此处是“返回来”。
6. 【课本原句】He thought about going to Greece or Spain, but finally decided on Canada.
【思路点拨】decide用作及物动词时,意思是“决定”,其后常跟动词不定式、从句;用作不及物动词时,意思是“决定,判定”,其后常跟against, for, on等引导的介词短语。例如:
Jack decided to go on Monday. 杰克决定星期一走。
I decided that I would tell Sally about it. 我决定把那件事情告诉萨莉。
【典题例证】Many people decided ____(move) to the countryside because of much air pollution in the city. (用所给动词的适当形式填空)
【答案简析】to move。decided之后常跟动词不定式作它的宾语。
7. 【课本原句】He plans to have a very relaxing vacation.
【思路点拨】plan既可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词,意思是“计划,设计”。他的主要句式是plan to do sth. 计划干某事。例如:
I plan to spend my vacation in Guangzhou. 我计划去广州度假。
They have been planning the visit for weeks. 他们计划这次访问已经有好几个星期了。
We are planning to start next Wednesday. 我们计划下星期三动身。
【典题例证】——Where will you spend your summer vacation, John?
——I plan ____ it in Liugong Island.
A. spending B. to spend C. is spent D. spend
【答案简析】B “计划干某事”是plan to do sth.。
8. 【课本原句】I hope I can forget all my problems!
【思路点拨】forget常用作及物动词,意为“忘,忘记”,后面可以跟名词、代词、动词不定式作它的宾语,也可以跟一个宾语从句。例如:
I forget her name. 我忘了她的名字。
I forgot to tell him about it. 我忘记把这事告诉他了。
Don’t forget that we are going to the cinema tonight. 别忘记我们今天晚上去看电影。
【典题例证】My aunt forgot ____.
A. where she first met John B. where did she first meet John
C. where she first meets John D. where does she first meet John
【答案简析】A宾语从句要用陈述语序。
Unit 4
1. 【课本原句】How do you get to school?
【思路点拨】How do you get to…?用来询问对方通常如何去某地。句中的“how”为特殊疑问词,常用来对方式,方法提问,意为“如何、怎样”。例如:
How does he go to the people’s square? 他是如何去人民广场的?
【典题例证】“____ do you study for a test?” “I study by working with a group.”
A. What B. Whom C. How D. Where
【答案简析】C本题旨在考查疑问词的用法。根据答句“I study by working with a group.”,可推知在询问方式,所以用how表达。
2. 【课文原句】In Japan, most students take trains to school, although others also walk or ride their bikes.
【思路点拨】although, conj. 虽然,尽管,是表示转折的连词,可以放在句中,也可以放在句首。例如:
Although the style of my computer is out of fashion, I don’t want to buy a new one.
尽管我的电脑样式已经不流行了,我也不想买新的。
My room is comfortable although it’s small. 我的房间尽管很小,却很舒服。
【典题例证】____ they arrived early at the airport, they nearly missed their flight.
A. If B. Because C. As soon as D. Although
【答案简析】D尽管他们很早就到了机场,但还是差一点错过飞机。if如果;because因为;as soon as一……就……;although虽然,尽管。根据题意,选项D最合适。
3. 【课文原句】And in places where there are rivers and lakes, like Hongshanhu and Kaishandao, students usually go to school by boat.
【思路点拨】此句为定语从句,places为这句话的先行词,where为关系副词,它代替先行词在从句中作地点状语。where的用法为:它在从句中作地点状语,指代地点。例如:
This is the place where I was born. 这就是我出生的地方。
The hall where we stayed was very noisy. 我们待的那个大厅很吵。
【典题例证】“The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children, isn’t it?” “Yes, it has built many schools ____ those children can study happily.”
A. where B. when C. which
【答案简析】A “希望工程的责任是帮助贫穷的孩子,是吗?” “是的,已经建了许多学校,孩子们可以在那里快乐地学习。”此句考查定语从句,先行词是地点名称schools,故用where。
4. 【课本原句】That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus!
【思路点拨】主语+must+v.(状态动词或系动词)表示对于现在状态的推测。例如:
Lucy must be in the kitchen. 露茜肯定在厨房呢。
【典题例证】I’m sure this book ____ Li Lei’s, because there is his name on it.
A. can’t be B. may be C. might be D. must be
【答案简析】D本题旨在考查情态动词表推测的用法。由从句意思“因为上面有他的名字,所以一定是李雷的”,可知此处用must表把握性大的肯定推测。
5. 【课本原句】Students in Hongshanhu and Kaishandao have to take a boat to get to school.
【思路点拨】have to不得不,表示客观的义务或需要。例如:
It’s getting late; I have to go home. 天色晚了,我得回家了。(客观条件决定)
区别:must必须,表示主观意念。例如:
I must go home now. 我现在必须回家。(主观上认为该走了)
注意:have to用于否定句中,表示没必要。例如:
“Must I leave now?” “No, you don’t have to/needn’t.” “我现在必须走吗?” “不,没必要。”
区别:must的否定式表不许。例如:
You mustn’t play on the boat. 不许在船上玩。
【典题例证】“I can’t stop smoking, doctor.” “For your health, I’m afraid you ____.”
A. may B. need C. have to D. must
【答案简析】C句意:“我戒不了烟,医生。”“为了你的健康,恐怕你必须戒掉。”may“可以”;need“需要”; have to“不得不”,表示客观上必须做; must“必须”,表示主观愿望。根据句意,应选C。
6. 【课文原句】If you have a problem, you can ask a policeman for help.
【思路点拨】此句为if引导的条件状语从句。if表如果,所在句用一般现在时态时,主句用一般将来时或情态动词加动词原形。例如:
If you come here tomorrow, I will meet you.
如果你明天来,我就会见你。(if所在句实际是用一般现在时表示将来)
We must finish doing the work, if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
如果明天不下雨的话,我们必须完成那项工作。
【典题例证】Tomorrow we’ll go to the city park ____ it is sunny.
A. as soon as B. when C. if D. as
【答案简析】C as soon as, when和as均引导时间状语从句;if在本题中意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句。句意:如果明天天气好,我们将去公园。
7. 【课文原句】Other parts of the world are different from the United States.
【思路点拨】be different from是一个固定短语,意思是“与……不同”。例如:
My bike is different from yours. 我的自行车与你的不一样。
【典题例证】Soccer is different ____ American football. It’s played all over the world.
A. from B. for C. in D. on
【答案简析】A 表示“与……不同”用固定短语be different from。