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对于马克思来说,“自由意识的活动”与“人类共同的社会性”是人类的典型性格,人类史被认为是通过歪曲和颠倒这一本性而逐步成熟起来的过程。现代生活方式所面临的危机反映了这种妨碍、歪曲和颠倒人类本性实现的情形。在当代,要实现人类的本性,就必须把它从各种各样的颠倒和歪曲中解放出来。伊利奇认为,现代是产业生产方式的垄断陷入危机的时代,作为克服这种危机的对策,他提出了向“人们愉快交往”的社会进行“政治性转变”的主张。新的生活方式以实现和平环境中的生存权利为首,具有七项基本原则,要实现它们就必须进行实际的技术的选择和革新。
For Marx, “activities of free consciousness” and “common sociality of mankind” are typical characters of mankind. Human history is considered to be a gradual process of maturation by distorting and reversing this nature. The crisis facing modern lifestyles reflects this hindrance, distorting and reversing the realization of human nature. In the present age, to realize the nature of mankind, it must be liberated from all sorts of reversals and distortions. According to Iliich, the modern era was when the monopoly of the industrial production mode was in crisis. As a countermeasure to overcome this crisis, he proposed the idea of “political transformation” in a society where people are happy to interact with each other. The new way of life, led by the right to subsistence in a peaceful environment, has seven basic principles, and the realization of them requires the actual choice of technology and innovation.