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概念反映的是客观事物的本质属性,是人们在生产劳动和社会实践中认识的总结和结晶,指导学生获得一些关于自然界的基本概念,是自然课的教学目的之一。 在帮助学生建立概念时,有两种截然不同的方法:一种是把概念以定义的形式直接写在课本上,由教师讲解,让学生把它背下来;另一种是选取有关自然的事物,让学生亲自观察比较,发现它们的相同点和不同点,然后用概括的方法形成概念。前一种方法学生得到的是“死”知识,它只能让学生继承前人研究的成果,难以培养学生的创造性思维。后一种方法不仅可以使学生学到许多生动、具体的知识,还能通过模拟前人探索知识的过程,发展学生主动探求知识的能力。
Concept reflects the essential attributes of objective things. It is a summary and crystallization of people's understanding in productive labor and social practice. It guides students to acquire some basic concepts about nature and is one of the teaching purposes of natural course. There are two very different ways to help students build concepts: one is to write the concepts directly into the textbook in the form of definitions, explain them by the teacher, let the students bring it back down, and the other is to pick things about nature , Let the students observe and compare in person, find out the similarities and differences between them, and then use the generalized method to form the concept. The former method students get “dead” knowledge, it only allows students to inherit the achievements of previous studies, it is difficult to develop students' creative thinking. The latter method can not only enable students to learn many vivid and specific knowledge, but also develop the ability of students to actively seek knowledge by simulating the process of exploring their predecessors.