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In some old industrial plants, in order to meet the increasingly strict requirements of pollutant emission limits, it is necessary to install the compact filtration and/or purification devices in a given narrow machine room. Different types of structural configuration might influence air distribution inside these devices. The unreasonable air distribution might lead each part of filtration or purification media to operating at largely different air flow rates. Based on a computational fluid dynamics ( CFD) model, this study explores the influence of different outlet positions and different upper heights on the flow field inside chamber. The porous medium model is employed to simulate the air flow in porous media. The changing structural configurations include three positioning cases of the outlet opening and eight height cases of the upper chamber. The root mean square is defined as the non-uniformity coefficient to evaluate the uniformity of air flow distribution. The results show that the farther distance between inlet and outlet openings will bring more uniform air distribution, and the increasing height of upper chamber totally trends to exhibit more uniform air distribution.