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对毛细管气相色谱柱效率有影响的因素可归纳为两大类:柱内因素和柱外因素。柱内因素主要有柱内固定相的活性(包括固定相与样品作用情况、柱污染和柱流失等)、色谱柱的规格(柱内径、液膜厚度、柱长等)、柱内载气流速等;柱外因素主要有柱前后的死体积、衬管的污染、分析时采用的柱温度、色谱柱安装技术、进样技术等,这些因素不同程度影响着柱效率。在毛细管柱气相色谱实际分析中针对这些因素采取相应措施,有助于色谱分析工作者根据样品特性建立合适的色谱分析方法(包括色谱柱的选择、样品处理等),优化分析条件,加强色谱仪的性能维护,提高分析稳定性,延长色谱柱的使用寿命等。
Factors that can affect the efficiency of capillary gas chromatography columns can be grouped into two broad categories: in-column and out-column. The main factors in the column are the activity of the stationary phase in the column (including the operation of the stationary phase and the sample, column fouling and column loss, etc.), column dimensions (column inner diameter, film thickness, column length, etc.) Etc. The extra-column factors mainly include the dead volume before and after the column, the contamination of the liner, the temperature of the column used in the analysis, the column installation technique, and the injection technique, all of which affect the column efficiency in varying degrees. In the actual analysis of capillary gas chromatography, we should take corresponding measures to these factors so as to help chromatographers to establish appropriate chromatographic analysis methods (including column selection, sample processing, etc.) according to the characteristics of the sample, optimize the analytical conditions and enhance the chromatograph Performance maintenance, improve analysis stability, extend the life of the column and so on.