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海洋酸化是海洋吸收大气中的二氧化碳之后产生的一种化学变化,主要是由大气污染物所引起。这种污染物也是“人为气候变化”的主要推动者,对海洋环境的影响和其他进入海洋的污染物一样严重。然而,目前缺乏专门的法律制度或治理体制来应对这种问题。本文从四种制度入手来评析海洋酸化的规制问题:其一,气候变化制度;其二,海洋污染防治制度;其三,大气污染制度;其四,生物多样性保护制度。虽然海洋酸化的现象部分受到这四种制度的规制,但没有一种制度是完全致力于解决海洋酸化的问题。因此,海洋酸化位于国际法上的一个灰色地带。鉴于其对全世界海洋生态完整性带来的严重威胁,一个可能的解决方案是将海洋酸化当作一个跨领域的环境挑战来研究。
Ocean acidification is a chemical change that occurs when the oceans absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide and are primarily caused by atmospheric pollutants. This kind of pollutant is also the main promoter of “artificial climate change”, and its impact on the marine environment is as serious as that of other pollutants entering the sea. However, there is a lack of specialized legal systems or governance systems to deal with this problem. This article starts with four systems to analyze the regulation of ocean acidification: first, the climate change system; secondly, the marine pollution prevention and control system; thirdly, the air pollution system; fourthly, the biodiversity conservation system. Although the phenomenon of ocean acidification is regulated in part by these four systems, no system is entirely devoted to solving the problem of ocean acidification. As a result, ocean acidification is located in a gray zone of international law. One possible solution, given its serious threat to the marine ecosystem integrity of the world, is to consider ocean acidification as a cross-cutting environmental challenge.