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目的通过对超低出生体重儿(Extremely low birth weight infant,ELBWI)的主要并发症相关危险因素的分析,探讨减少ELBWI并发症的方法。方法回顾性分析44例ELBWI的相关资料,探讨其主要并发症严重新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)(Ⅲ~Ⅳ期)和脑室周围-脑室内出血(PVH-IVH)与相关因素的关系。胎龄、出生体重与并发症关系分析采用独立样本t检验,其他计数资料与并发症的关系采用χ2检验。结果多胎、分娩时窒息及气管内应用肺表面活性物质(pulmonary surfactant,PS)与NRDS有关(P<0.05);胎龄小、男性、气管内应用PS、机械通气及宫内感染与PVH-IVH有关(P<0.05)。结论减少多胎妊娠、低胎龄早产及降低ELBWI的窒息发生率,有望减少NRDS、PVH-IVH等并发症的发生。
Objective To explore the methods to reduce the complications of ELBWI by analyzing the risk factors associated with the major complications of ELBWI (Extremely low birth weight infant). Methods Retrospective analysis of 44 cases of ELBWI related information, to explore the main complications of severe neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) (Ⅲ ~ Ⅳ) and periventricular - intraventricular hemorrhage (PVH-IVH) and related factors. The relationship between gestational age, birth weight and complications was analyzed by independent sample t-test. The relationship between other count data and complications was analyzed byχ2 test. Results Asphyxia and endotracheal pulmonary surfactant (PS) were associated with NRDS (P <0.05). Small gestational age, male, intratracheal application of PS, mechanical ventilation and intrauterine infection were associated with PVH-IVH Related (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Reducing the incidence of multiple pregnancies, premature births with low gestational age, and reducing the incidence of asphyxia with ELBWI is expected to reduce the incidence of complications such as NRDS and PVH-IVH.