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一、前言猪在动物分类学上属于偶蹄目(Artiodactyla)、猪次目(Suina)、猪科(Suidae)、猪属(Sus)。家猪是中国新石器时期出现最早的家畜之一,从古至今长期是人类重要的肉食资源。家猪(Sus domesticus)起源于野猪(Sus scrofa),驯化时间大约在距今10000～8000年前,这一时期正是人类社会经济形态由采集、渔猎向农耕、定居转变的关键阶段。此外,野猪被驯化后,其移动与人群的迁徙和扩散密切相关。家猪的驯化与农业文明的起源和扩散也密切相关。因此,家猪的驯化一直是考古学家关注的焦点。考
I. Introduction Pigs belong to the genus Artiodactyla, Suina, Suidae and Sus in animal taxonomy. Domestic pigs are one of the earliest livestock species in China during the Neolithic period. They have long been an important meat resource for human beings since ancient times. Sus domesticus originated in the wild boar (Sus scrofa), acclimation time about 10000-8000 years ago, this period is precisely the human social and economic patterns from the acquisition, fishing and hunting to farming, a key phase of settlement. In addition, the wild boar is domesticated, its movement and population migration and proliferation are closely related. Domestication of domestic pigs and the origin and spread of agricultural civilization are also closely related. Therefore, domestication of domestic pigs has always been the focus of archaeologists. test