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Objective: To compare the effect of cast immobilization with that of early Kiymil arkili emdew (Kazakh exercise therapy) on the post-operative healing of Achilles tendon rupture in rabbits,and to observe the influence of early Kiymil arkili emdew on the differentially expressed proteins in the healing tendon.Methods: Forty-five New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups (Arm A: control group;Arm B: postoperative immobilization group; and Arm C: postoperative early Kiymil arkili emdew group).After tenotomy,the rabbits of the two experimental groups received microsurgery to repair the ruptured tendons,and then received either cast immobilization or early Kiymil arkili emdew treatment.Achilles tendon tissue samples were collected 7 days after the surgery,and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF-MS technique were used to analyze differentially expressed proteins in the tendon tissue of the three Arms.Results: A total of 462.67+11.59,532.33+27.79,and 515.33+6.56 protein spots were detected by the two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels in the Achilles tendon samples of the rabbits in Arms A,B,and C,respectively.Nineteen differentially expressed protein spots were randomly selected from Arm C.Among them,7 were unique,and 15 had five times higher abundance than those in Arm B.These included annexin A2,gelsolin isoforms and α-1 Type Ⅲ collagen.It was confirmed by west blot that gelsolin isoform b,annexin A2,etc.had specific and incremental expression in Arm C.Conclusions: The self-protective instincts of humans were overlooked in the classical postoperative treatment for Achilles tendon rupture with cast immobilization.Kiymil arkili emdew induced the specific and incremental expression of proteins in the repaired Achilles tendon in the early healing stage in a rabbit model,compared with those treated with postoperative cast immobilization.These differentially expressed proteins may contribute to the healing of the Achilles tendon via a mechanobiological mechanism caused by the application of Kiymil arkili emdew.