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匈牙利和波兰正在进行从中央计划经济向市场经济的转轨工作。市场经济取代中央计划经济,包含有许多质的规定,其中之一就是市场竞争机制的确立。竞争活动的参与,竞争规则的公正,竞争过程的透明,竞争结果的有效,这些构成了市场经济得以有效运行的必要条件。因此,“竞争是市场经济的灵魂”这一提法丝毫不为过。但是,市场竞争对于中央计划经济是不相容的。因此,在经济转轨的过程中,匈牙利和波兰在建立市场竞争机制方面面临着双重任务,既要吸收市场经济国家的经验,又要考虑到计划经济所遗留下的影响。
Hungary and Poland are making the transition from a centrally planned economy to a market economy. Market economy replaces the centrally planned economy and contains many qualitative provisions. One of them is the establishment of a market competition mechanism. The participation of competitive activities, the fairness of the competition rules, the transparency of the competition process, and the effectiveness of the competition result in the necessary conditions for a market economy to operate effectively. Therefore, the argument that “competition is the soul of a market economy” is not excessive. However, market competition is incompatible with the centrally planned economy. Therefore, in the process of economic transition, Hungary and Poland face the dual task of establishing a market competition mechanism. They should not only absorb the experience of market economy countries but also consider the legacy left by the planned economy.