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分析了大豆杂交种杂种优势大小及其来源,为今后大豆杂交种亲本选配及后代选育提供理论依据。采用经过初次测产、一次测产表现优良的20份杂交大豆品种作为试验材料,通过农艺性状调查及测产分析,研究大豆杂交种杂种优势及来源。结果表明,参试的20份杂交大豆组合中比高产对照黑农38号增产的组合19个,增产幅度为2.39%~61.33%,其中增产15%以上的组合11个,占参试组合的55%;增产2.39%~14.76%的组合8个,占参试组合的40%;减产组合1个(-11.4%),占参试组合的5%。不同产量性状变异程度不同。大豆杂交种在三粒荚数、四粒荚数、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株产量、分枝数等产量性状上明显优于对照品种。分析表明,大豆杂交种具有明显的杂种优势,可显著提高大豆的产量,杂种优势主要来源于三粒荚数、四粒荚数、单株荚数、单株粒数、分枝数等产量性状。
The hybrid heterosis size and its origin of soybean hybrids were analyzed to provide the theoretical basis for future parental matching and future generations selection of soybean hybrids. Twenty hybrid soybean cultivars with good performance after the first test were used as test materials to study the heterosis and source of soybean hybrids through agronomic traits investigation and yield measurement. The results showed that among 20 hybrid soybean combinations tested, 19 combinations were increased yield, with the yield increase ranged from 2.39% to 61.33%. Among them, 11 combinations with more than 15% yield accounted for 55 %; 8 combinations with 2.39% ~ 14.76% increase in yield, accounting for 40% of the tested combination; 1 (-11.4%) with the reduced yield, accounting for 5% of the tested combination. Variation of different yield traits is different. Soybean hybrids were significantly superior to the control varieties in yield traits such as three pods, four pods, pods per plant, grains per plant, single plant yield and branch number. The results showed that soybean hybrids had obvious heterosis, which could significantly increase the yield of soybean. The heterosis mainly came from the yield traits such as three pods, four pods, pods per plant, grains per plant and branch numbers .