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公益审查标准是美国准征收制度的核心问题之一,研究美国准征收制度首先需厘清制度的目的。文章通过研究公益审查标准及相关内容,认为准征收制度的立法目的表明,“公共使用”要件仅为在采用财产私有制时保证政府正常运转之需,而“公平补偿”才是该条之核心。司法实践中,该标准已于2005年被美国最高法院推翻。再者,经济分析也证明进行公益审查并不能达到诱导政府实现最优管制的目的,反而会干扰其他目的的实现,故公益审查不应作为准征收补偿之适用标准。
The public review standard is one of the core issues in the quasi-collection system in the United States. To study the system of quasi-collection in the United States, we must first clarify the purpose of the system. By studying the standards and relevant contents of public interest examination, the article considers that the legislative purpose of quasi-collection system shows that the requirement of “public use” is only for ensuring the normal operation of the government when private ownership of property is adopted, and “fair compensation” The core of the article. In judicial practice, the standard was overturned in 2005 by the United States Supreme Court. Moreover, economic analysis also proves that conducting public interest reviews can not achieve the purpose of inducing the government to achieve optimal control, but will interfere with the realization of other purposes. Therefore, the public interest review should not be used as a standard applicable to allowances for levy.