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水稻在长期的自然进化和人工选择过程中积累了大量自然变异,这些自然变异是许多重要农艺性状的遗传基础,也是水稻育种筛选的主要目标.近些年,随着分子技术的发展,水稻自然变异研究取得了一系列重要突破.本文结合最新研究进展,系统介绍了水稻自然变异的特点及相应分析方法,并强调了高通量测序技术在今后水稻自然变异挖掘中的意义;对最近10年来报道的抽穗期、产量元件及抗逆和驯化相关性状自然变异的分子机制及驯化特征进行了详细说明;结合这些自然变异的分子特征,总结了利用不同变异类型改良现有品种的方法,为今后分子育种提供理论依据.
In the course of long-term natural evolution and artificial selection, rice accumulates a large number of natural variations, which are the genetic basis of many important agronomic traits and the main target of rice breeding screening .In recent years, with the development of molecular techniques, A series of important breakthroughs have been made in the field of mutation research.In this paper, the characteristics and corresponding analysis methods of rice natural variation are systematically introduced with emphasis on the significance of high-throughput sequencing in the future natural variation mining of rice. The molecular mechanisms and domestication characteristics of heading date, yield components and natural variations of resistance and domestication-related traits reported in this paper are described in detail. Based on the molecular characteristics of these natural variations, the methods of improving existing varieties with different mutation types are summarized. Molecular breeding provides a theoretical basis.