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通过垂直燃烧试验和极限氧指数法,对比了不同种类的氮-磷复配阻燃剂体系对聚甲醛(POM)阻燃性能的影响。采用傅里叶红外光谱仪和扫描电子显微镜对其燃烧后的残炭进行表征,考察了阻燃剂含量对POM力学性能及冲击断裂面形貌的影响。采用热失重分析仪(TGA)分析了阻燃POM的热分解过程。实验结果表明,本研究所采用的各个氮-磷复配阻燃剂体系均能使POM的阻燃性能达到FV-1级,其中聚磷酸铵/三聚氰胺氰脲酸酯/季戊四醇双磷酸酯蜜胺盐三元复配体系可使POM的阻燃性能达到FV-0级,极限氧指数高达54%(体积分数);TGA曲线显示阻燃POM的分解过程为二步分解,阻燃剂在POM未分解之前首先分解,形成炭层从而发挥阻燃的效果。
The effects of different kinds of nitrogen-phosphorus complex flame retardants on the flame retardancy of polyoxymethylene (POM) were compared by vertical burning test and limiting oxygen index method. The carbon residue after combustion was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of flame retardant content on the mechanical properties of POM and the morphology of impact fracture surface were investigated. The thermal decomposition process of flame-retardant POM was analyzed by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The experimental results show that all of the nitrogen-phosphorus complex flame retardants used in this study can achieve the FV-1 level of flame retardancy of POM, in which ammonium polyphosphate / melamine cyanurate / pentaerythritol diphosphate melamine Salt system can make the flame retardancy of POM achieve FV-0 and the limit oxygen index is as high as 54% (volume fraction). The TGA curve shows that the decomposition of flame-retardant POM is two-step decomposition, First decomposed before decomposition, the formation of carbon layer to play the effect of flame retardant.