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每天的下午茶时分,在美国普林斯顿大学数学系大楼的休息厅里,人们可以见到一位头发灰白、双眼深陷、不时在一张纸上潦草地写写画画的老人。看着他,很难想象这个30年前就看似行将就木并一直生活在贫困中的人,是一位数学天才、诺贝尔奖得主。他就是小约翰·福布斯·纳什(JohnF Nash)。纳什是对现代经济学发展有重要影响的数学博弈论的关键人物,并因此获得了1994的诺贝尔经济学奖。这一实际上奠定他声誉的理论,几乎完全来自于他写于20多岁的一篇只有27页厚的毕业论文。他证明了非合作博弈及其均衡解,并证明了均衡解的存在性,即著名的纳什均衡。从而揭示了博弈均衡与经济均衡的内在联系,彻底改变了人们对竞争和市场的看法。纳什的研究奠定了现代非合作博弈论的基石,后来的博弈论研究基本上都沿着这条主线展开的。
Every afternoon at tea time, in the lounge of the Department of Mathematics of Princeton University in the United States, one can see an elderly man with gray hair, dark eyes, and scrawled on a piece of paper from time to time. Watching him, it is hard to imagine the 30-year-old who seems to be on the verge of living and has been living in poverty, is a mathematical genius, Nobel laureate. He is John F Nash. Nash is a key figure in mathematical game theory that has an important influence on the development of modern economics and thus won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994. This theory, which actually laid his reputation, came almost exclusively from a twenty-seven-page graduate thesis written in his twenties. He proved the non-cooperative game and its equilibrium solution, and proved the existence of the equilibrium solution, namely the famous Nash equilibrium. Thus revealing the inherent relationship between game equilibrium and economic equilibrium, completely changing the people’s views on competition and the market. Nash’s research laid the cornerstone of modern non-cooperative game theory, and later the game theory basically all started along this line.