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目的探讨澄江县伤寒流行趋势,为今后防制工作提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对澄江县1998—2007年期间疾病监测信息报告管理系统报告的伤寒疫情资料进行分析。结果从1953—2000年期间低于20/10万有11次(最低为无病例报告),超过90/10万有9次(最高464.5/10万),2000年后发病率均超过90/10万,疫情呈快速上升趋势,且间隔一二年出现高强度的流行;流行季节集中出现在4—8月之间;城区附近乡镇发病高于偏远乡镇;女性发病高于男性;发病职业以农民和学生为主(近80%);发病以10～50岁年龄组为主(70%以上);病原菌以伤寒沙门菌为主,发病危险因素与食用生冷食物和喝生水有关。结论澄江县2000年后属于伤寒高流行区,流行因素主要与该地居民饮食和喝生水习惯有关,加强传染源的管理及饮食行为干预和生冷食物的监测,是控制当前澄江县伤寒高发的主要措施。
Objective To investigate the epidemic trend of typhoid fever in Chengjiang County and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control work in the future. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the typhoid epidemic data reported by Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System during 1998-2007 in Chengjiang County. The results ranged from less than 20 per 100,000 during the period 1953-2000 to 11 (the lowest is no case report), 9 out of 90/10 million (up to 464.5 per 100,000) and morbidity rates exceeded 90/10 after 2000 The epidemic situation showed a rapid upward trend with high-intensity epidemic occurring in one or two years. The epidemic season was concentrated between April and August. The incidence in towns and townships in urban areas was higher than that in remote towns and townships. The prevalence of females was higher than that of males. And students (nearly 80%). The incidence was mainly in the age group of 10 to 50 years (over 70%). Pathogenic bacteria were mainly Salmonella typhi, and the risk factors were related to eating cold food and drinking raw water. Conclusions Chengjiang County belongs to the typhoid fever endemic area after 2000, and the prevailing factors are mainly related to the diet and drinking habits of the residents in this area. To strengthen the management of infectious sources and the monitoring of dietary behaviors and cold food is to control the high incidence of typhoid fever in Chengjiang County Main measure