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随着人们对化学致癌因子研究的深入,根据致癌物在体内作用的方式,明确把致癌物分为直接致癌物与间接致癌物两大类。为数不多的直接致癌物多为烷化剂,不需要代谢活化即可发挥其致癌作用,但仍在体内经代谢而解毒。间接致癌物在体内的生物转化有双重性,一方面可经代谢活化为最终致癌物,另一方面可代谢解毒而失去致癌性,但无论在体内经过生物转化与否,致癌物最终可以原形、中间产物及结合物几种形式通过尿或胆汁排出,而肾脏是排泄外源性化学物质及其代谢产物的最主
With the further research on chemical carcinogens, carcinogens are divided into two categories: direct carcinogens and indirect carcinogens according to the way carcinogens act in the body. One of the few direct carcinogens are alkylating agents that do not require metabolic activation to exert their carcinogenic effects, but are still detoxified in the body by metabolism. Indirect carcinogens biotransformation in the body there is a duality, on the one hand can be activated by the metabolism of the final carcinogen, on the other hand can be metabolized and detoxification and loss of carcinogenicity, but no matter in the body after biotransformation or not, carcinogens eventually can be the prototype, Intermediates and conjugates are excreted in urine or bile in several forms, whereas the kidneys are the predominant excretion of exogenous chemical substances and their metabolites