新目标英语八年级(上) Units 7~12考点精讲精练

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  在新目标英语八年级(上)第7至12单元中,我们学习了许多语法现象和知识要点。下面列举这六个单元中最常考、最易混淆出错的知识点,供大家复习使用。
  
  知识要点讲练篇
  
   考点1: turn on, turn off, turn up, turn down 的用法辨异
   turn on 意为“打开(水/电/煤气)”,其反义词组是turn off。 例如:
   Please turn on the TV. 请开电视。
   Please turn off the gas. 请关掉煤气。
  turn up 意为“把(音量)调高,把(亮度)调大”,其反义词组是turn down。例如:
   Turn up the radio. 将收音机(音量)开大些。
   Turn down the light. 将灯光调暗一些。
   【活学活用】
  ()1. —Can you ________ the radio a little? I can’t hear it clearly.
   —All right.
   A. turn on B. turn up
   C. turn off D. turn down
  ()2. —Can you ________ the radio a little? I want to watch the weather forecast(天气预报) on TV.
   —All right.
   A. turn on B. turn up
   C. turn off D. turn down
  ()3. —________ the lights in the classroom before you leave.
   —I will, Mr Fang.
   A. Turn on B. Turn up C. Turn off D. Turn down
   考点2: make的用法
   make意为“制造;使”,作使役动词时,同let一样,其后常跟不带to的动词不定式。由make构成的常见短语有:
   make a chicken sandwich做鸡肉三明治
   make/let us laugh 使我们发笑
   make more money 赚更多的钱
   make up a story 编一个故事
   make mistakes 犯错误
   make faces 做鬼脸
   【活学活用】
  ()4. —Why does Ben work so hard?
  —To ________ more money. I hear he has to support a big family.
   A. borrow B. lend C. put D. make
  ()5. —It is said that(据说) Mr Li is the most popular teacher in our school.
  —Yes, he often makes his students ________ in class and the students learn much.
   A. to laugh B. laughing
   C. laughs D. laugh
  ()6. —Why is she so quiet in class?
   —She is just afraid to ________
  mistakes.
   A. get B. make C. take D. bring
   考点3: how much, how many 的用法辨异
   “how many 可数名词复数 一般疑问句”常常用来对可数名词的数量提问。例如:
   How many pen pals do you have? 你有多少笔友?
   “how much 不可数名词 一般疑问句”常常用来对不可数名词的数量提问。例如:
   —How much water does she drink every day? 她每天喝多少水?
   —She drinks 8 glasses of water every day. 她每天喝8杯水。
   —How much yogurt do we need? 我们需要多少酸奶?
   —Two cups. 两杯。
   how much 可以用来询问价格。句型为: How much be 名词? 例如:
   How much is the pen? 这支笔多少钱?
   How much are the crabs? 这些螃蟹多少钱?
   【活学活用】
  ()7. —________ salt do we need?
   —Two teaspoons.
   A. How many B. How much C. How often D. How soon
  ()8. —________ ofbread would you like?
   —Three.
   A. How much B. How much slices C. How many D. How many slices
  ()9. —________ does this cost?
   —10 dollars.
   A. How many B. How much
   C. How often D. How soon
   考点4: else与other 的用法
   other与 else均为副词,意为“此外;另外;其它”。常放在wh-疑问句之后。而other 修饰名词时,须放在名词之前。例如: What else did she say about me? 她还提到什么有关我的事?
   Where else can I go? 我还能去哪里?
   Where are the other students? 其他学生在哪里?
   else 还可置于不定代词之后。例如:
   Do you want anything else? 你还要其它东西吗?
   Nothing else can worry him more. 没有其它能更让他担心的事。
   注:else构成所有格时,应在其后加s构成else’s结构,意为“另外什么人的”。例如:
   That umbrella must be someone else’s。那一定是另外什么人的伞。
   【活学活用】
  ()10. —Who ________ went with you?
  —My elder brother did.
   A. other B. else
   C. others D. another
  ()11. Since our last school trip was boring, next time, we will go to some ________ places.
   A. other B. else C. others D. another
  ()12. —Is that Laura’s souvenir?
  —No, it isn’t. It is someone ________.
   A. other B. other’s
   C. else D. else’s
   考点5: win和beat的区别
   这两个词均意为“赢”。区别在于宾语不一样。beat后常接比赛中的对手(即人)、国家或某个集体(班),而win后常跟比赛、奖品、金钱等,其反义词为lose。例如:
   After 8 years’ serious fighting, we beat the enemy. 经过八年激烈的抗战,我们打败了敌人。
   He often beats me in table-tennis. 他经常在乒乓球比赛中战胜我。
   Who won the relay race yesterday? 昨天的接力赛谁赢了?
   【活学活用】
  ()13. In 2004 Olympic Games, Liu Xiang ________ other players and ________ the gold medal.
   A. beat; beat B. won; won
   C. beat; won D. won; beat
  ()14. When do you think China’s Men’s Football Team can ________ the World Cup?
   A. beat B. win C. won D. beats
   考点6: born的用法
   born是动词bear的两个过去分词中的一个(另一个是borne)。born意为“产;生”,常用于被动语态。be born意为“出生”。例如:
   Yao Ming was born in 1980. 姚明出生于1980年。
   若表示“某人生孩子”则用 have borne...的结构。例如:
   She has borne a son. 她生了一个儿子。
   常用的词组有:be born to do... 意为“生来就……”,be born adj./n. 意为“生为……人”,be born by意为“……由……而生”。例如:
   Jordan was born to play basketball. 乔丹天生就是打篮球的料。
   He was born by a poor farmer. 他出生于一个穷苦的农民家庭。
   Do you think people are born clever? 你认为人天生就聪明吗?
   【活学活用】
  ()15. She was born ________.
   A. luck B. lucky C. luckily D. luckly
  ()16. My father is as old as our motherland, so he ________ 1949.
   A. is born in B. was born in
   C. is born to D. was born to
   考点7: too... to...的用法
   too... to... 意为“太……而不能……”,若表示“对某人来说太……”,常用句型too... for sb. to do...,该句型若与only连用,意为“非常的”。 例如:
   It’s too cold to swim in the river. 现在天太冷,还不能在河里游泳。
   This shirt is too small for me to wear. 这件衬衣太小,我穿不了。
   I’ll be only too happy to help you. 我很乐意帮助你。
   【活学活用】
  ()17. It is ________ foolish ________ him to do that.
   A. too; to B. very; to
   C. too; for D. so; that
  ()18. The boy is ________ young to dress himself.
   A. very B. so C. quite D. too
  ()19. One is never ________ old ________ learn.
   A. so; that B. very; to
   C. so; to D. too; to
   考点8: stop的用法
   stop作动词,意为“停止”,过去式是stopped。常用结构有:
   stop doing sth. 意为“停止做某事”; stop to do sth. 意为“停下来去做某事”。例如:
   He stopped smoking. 他停止了吸烟。
   He stopped to smoke. 他停下来,去吸烟。
   stop 还可以表示“阻止;制止”的意思,stop sb. (from) doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”。 例如:
   You should stop her (from) telling the bad news to her grandma. 你应该阻止她把那坏消息告诉她奶奶。
   【活学活用】
  ()20. He stopped ________ because doctor told him to do so.
   A. to smoke B. smoke
   C. smoking D. to smoking
  ()21. The students didn’t stop ________ though the teacher came into the
  classroom.
   A. talk B. talked
   C. talking D. to talk
  ()22. I think you should stop ________. You’re too tired.
   A. have a rest B. having a rest
   C. to having a rest D. to have a rest
   考点9: forget 与remember的用法
   forget/remember doing sth. 意为“忘记/记得曾经做过某事” 。例如:
   I forgot/remembered cleaning my room. 我忘记/记得曾经打扫过我的房间。
   forget/remember to do sth. 意为“忘记/记得去做某事”。注意:这个动作并未发生。例如:
   Don’t forget/Remember to feed the parrot. 别忘了/记得要喂鹦鹉。
   【注:“把……遗忘在某地”不能用forget,而用动词leave】
   【活学活用】
  ()23. He ________ his backpack in a bus that day.
   A. forget B. forgot C. leaves D. left
  ()24. —Why is the classroom so dirty?
  —I’m sorry, Mr. Gao. I forgot ________ it.
   A. cleaned B. clean C. to clean D. cleaning
  ()25. —I’m sorry, Mr. Wang! I ________ my homework at home.
   —That’s OK. But remember ________ it to school tomorrow.
   A. forgot; taking B. left; to bring
   C. forgot; bringing D. left; to take
   考点10: 方位介词in, on, to
   三个词均可表示方位,但含义不同。in表示在某一范围之内;on表示互相接壤;to表示在某一范围之外。例如:
   Korea is on the east of China. 韩国位于中国东部。(接壤)
   Wuhan is in the middle of China. 武汉位于中国中部。(范围之内)
   Japan is to the east of China. 日本位于中国东部。(范围之外)
   【活学活用】
  ()26. Hong Kong is ________ the south of China.
   A. to B. in C. on D. of
  ()27. Mongolia is ________ the north of China.
   A. on B. to C. in D. of
  ()28. Beijing is ________ the north of Jinan.
   A. on B. to C. in D. of
   考点11: enough的用法
   enough一般作形容词,意为“充足的;足够的”,可位于名词前作定语,也可放在系动词后作表语。例如:
   The animals don’t have enough food for winter. 动物们没有足够的食物过冬。
   Five thousand yuan is enough. 五千元就够了。
   enough也可作副词,意为“足够地;充分地”,修饰形容词或其他副词时,应放于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。例如:
   He isn’t careful enough to pass the exam.他不够仔细,未通过此次考试。
   He knows the situation well enough. 他对情况了解得很清楚。
   【活学活用】
  ()29. There is ________ for us to last three months.
   A. butter enough B. enough butter
   C. tomatoes enough D. enough tomatoes
  ()30. The girl is not ________ to dress herself.
   A. young enough B. old enough
   C. enough young D. enough old
  
  语法要点讲练篇
  湖南省新宁县回龙中心学校蒋时莲
  
   考点1: be going to 的用法
   【形式】 be going to 几乎成为一个固定短语,只有现在式和过去式两种形式,be动词随主语的人称和数作相应的变化。
   【主要用法】 A. 表示打算。例如:
   He is going to be a dentist when he grows up. 他长大了打算当牙医。
   She is not going there tonight. 她今晚不打算去那里。
   B. 表示决心。例如:
   The army is going to remain in this town. 军队决定继续呆在这座城里。
   We are going to have all the locks in the house changed. 我们要把屋子的锁全换掉。
   C. 表示即将。例如:
   There’s going to be a thunderstorm. 雷雨即将来临。
   My cousin is going to have a baby. 我表姐要生孩子了。
   【活学活用】
  ()31. I ________ piano lessons this afternoon.
   A. am going to take
   B. am going take
   C. am going taking
   D. will going to take
  ()32. How long ________ to stay here?
   A. is he going B. will he going
   C. does he go D. will he goes
   考点2: 形容词最高级的用法
   1. 基本结构:the 最高级 比较的范围。比较的范围仅限于三者及三者以上,可以是短语也可以是从句。例如:
   That was the happiest moment in my life. 那是我一生中最幸福的时刻。
   He is the tallest of the boys. 他是这些男孩子中个子最高的一个。
   2. 形容词的否定最高级(用于多音节及部分双音节词)—the least。例如:
   This is the least interesting of the four subjects. 这是四科中最无趣的一科。
   The least popular clothing store is Jason’s. 最不受欢迎的服装店是杰森服装店。
   3. “one of 最高级”意为“最……之一”。例如:
   China is one of the biggest countries in the world. 中国是世界上最大的国家之一。
   Jingwu Ducks is one of the most delicious food in Wuhan. 精武鸭是武汉最美味的食物之一。
   4. 形容词的最高级作表语时,或最高级有物主代词或专用名词修饰时,不用定冠词the。例如:
   Think of a time when you were happiest. 想一想你最快乐的时刻。
   She is my best friend. 她是我最好的朋友。
   【活学活用】
  ()33. —Which is ________, the sun, the moon or the earth?
  —Of course the sun is.
   A. big B. bigger
   C. biggest D. the biggest
  ()34. The Great Wall is one of ________ wonders(奇迹) in the world.
   A. greatest B. great
   C. the greater D. the greatest
  ()35. This is their ________ style(款式) this year.
   A. later B. the later
   C. latest D. the latest
  
  知识迁移演练篇
  湖北省武汉市英格中学袁丽莎
  
   选择填空。从下列A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
  ()1. —________ bread do we need to buy, mom?
   —We still have some in the fridge, so we don’t need any.
   A. How much B. How many
   C. How often D. How heavy
  ()2. —How much ________ the apples?
   —Eight yuan a kilo.
   A. is B. are C. was D. be
  ()3. Please bring me ________.
   A. a bottle of teas B. some teas
   C. a tea D. a cup of tea
  ()4. I like sandwiches with chicken ________ them.
   A. with B. on C. in D. at
  ()5. There is ________ relish in the dish.
   A. much too B. too many
   C. too much D. many too
  ()6. —Can you ________ the TV? It’s time to watch the weather forecast.
   —OK, I like it too.
   A. turn up B. turn off
   C. turn down D. turn on
  ()7. ________ is the number of the workers in your father’s factory?
   A. How much B. How many
   C. What D. Which
  ()8. He says he needs ________ a dictionary.
   A. buy B. buying C. buys D. to buy
  ()9. I saw Jim ________ in just now.
   A. came B. come C. comes D. to come
  ()10. They ________ home two hours ago.
   A. go B. went C. going D. goes
  ()11. We ________ carefully but we could ________ nothing.
   A. listened; hear B. listened to; hear C. heard; listen D. heard; listen to
  ()12. We had much fun ________ with each other in English at the English Corner.
   A. talking B. to talk
   C. talked D. talks
  ()13. —________ the weather ________?
  —It was sunny.
   A. How was; like B. What’s; like
   C. How’s; / D. What was; like
  ()14. ________ my next ________, I want to hung out with my friends.
   A. On; off B. On; day off
   C. When; off D. When; day off
  ()15. Jim’s parents don’t want to go ________ today.
   A. for drive B. for drives
   C. to drives D. for a drive
  ()16. He finished ________ the composition early last night.
   A. write B. writing C. to write D. wrote
  ()17. Bob ________ to learn piano when he ________ eight years old.
   A. began; was B. begins; is
   C. began; is D. begins; was
  ()18. The boy is ________ short ________ reach the oranges on the tree.
   A. enough; to B. too; to
   C. so; that D. neither; nor
  ()19. My cousin started ________ Spanish at the age of four.
   A. learns B. learn C. learnt D. learning
  ()20. He was born ________ January 25th, 1992.
   A. in B. on C. at D. for
  ()21. He stopped ________ when he was ill.
   A. to smoke B. smoke
   C. smoking D. to smoking
  ()22. Would you like to communicate ________ others?
   A. with B. to C. for D. by
  ()23. Would you like to enjoy ________?
   A. new something B. new anything
   C. something new D. anything new
  ()24. She is going to be a pilot when she ________.
  
   A. will grow up B. grow up
   C. grows up D. grew up
  ()25. The click of the rail ________ the singing of a bird.
   A. sounds like B. looks like
   C. feels like D. seems like
  ()26. He’s going to move ________.
   A. interesting somewhere
   B. somewhere interesting
   C. to somewhere interesting
   D. to interesting somewhere
  ()27. He eats ________ food, so he becomes ________ heavy.
   A. too much; too much B. much too; much too C. too much; much too D. much too; too much
  ()28. —Where are you going on vacation?
  —I’m not sure. I ________ to Beijing.
   A. go B. may go C. will go D. maybe
  ()29. —________ you ________ trees on Tree Planting Day?
   —Yes, I am.
   A. Are; going to plant B. Do; plant
   C. Did; plant D. Can; plant
  ()30. Don’t forget ________ the light before you leave.
   A. turn on B. turn off
   C. to turn off D. turning off
  ()31. May I ________ some money from you? I want to buy a book.
   A. lend B. borrow C. take D. use
  ()32. I don’t agree ________ you. That’s totally wrong.
   A. to B. at C. with D. from
  ()33. Could you please ________ out late?
   A. not stay B. staying
   C. don’t stay D. not to stay
  ()34. He is busy doing ________ at the moment.
   A. houseworks B. housework
   C. homeworks D. works
  ()35. Sarah wasn’t ________ yesterday, she cut herself.
   A. enough careful B. enough carefully C. careful enough D. carefully enough
  ()36. We need ________ rooms for this show.
   A. more two B. two more
   C. other two D. two other
  ()37. I think this picture is ________ of all.
   A. very bad B. badly
   C. worse D. the worst
  ()38. Which radio station is ________, Jazz 105.8 FM or Easy Listening 99.8FM?
   A. good B. well C. better D. best
  ()39. City Cinema is________ cinema in this city.
   A. the second biggest B. the second bigger
   C. the second big D. one of the biggest
  ()40. ________ you study, ________ you will learn.
   A. The harder; the better
   B. The hardest; the best
   C. The better; the harder
   D. The best; the hardest
  ()41. We must finish the task with ________ money and ________ people.
   A. fewer; less B. less; fewer
   C. least; fewer D. less; few
  ()42. The man left without ________ a word.
   A. to say B. says C. saying D. said
  ()43. ________ are teachers in our middle school.
   A. His both parents B. Both of parents
   C. Both of his parents D. The both parents
  ()44. It’s not right to ________ others.
   A. laugh at B. learn from
   C. teach D. call
  ()45. —I found a job ________ a policeman.
  —Really? Congratulations.
   A. as B. like C. with D. such as
  ()46. Whose hair is longer than ________?
   A. I B. me C. mine D. my
  ()47. My mother told me ________ soccer in the street.
   A. play not B. to not play
   C. not to play D. don’t play
  ()48. It takes me fifteen minutes ________ to school.
   A. by bus B. to walk
   C. on foot D. take the subway
  ()49. There are ________ teachers in our school.
   A. two hundreds B. two hundred of
   C. two hundreds of D. two hundred
  ()50. ________ the teacher’s help, we have improved a lot.
   A. Under B. With C. Without D. In
  
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在长期的发展过程中,瑶族固有习惯法形成了自治、原始民主、内部平等、社会安定的基本精神和法价值,这在《大瑶山团结公约》的订立中得到了充分表现,表明了瑶族固有习惯法的现代价值。当代中国进行现代法治建设、加强民族立法,需要进一步重视民族习惯法,发挥民族习惯法的积极功能。    我国《宪法》第一百一十六条规定,民族自治地方的人民代表大会有权依照当地民族的政治、经济和文化的特点,制定自治条例和单行条例。《立
Step I (for Section A)    Ⅰ. 根据句意及首字母提示,完成单词。  1. —Excuse me. Can you show me your drivingl______?   —Certainly. Here you are.   2. Look at the sign. It says “Smoking is not a______ in the museum.”  
When speaking of Vincent van Gogh, which thing will jump into your mind? The sunflowers? The starry night? Or his crazy lifetime? As an artist of post-impressionism1, he is known for his unique style
摘要 当前,正值我国社会发展突飞猛进的阶段,社会经济发展迅速,人民的生活水平日益提升,与此同时国民素质的话题逐渐热议开来,尤其是近年来我国社会上发生因乘客与公交司机争执等行为使近七成的车辆失控,从而酿酒了一幕幕人间悲剧。本文立足于我国传统哲学智慧的视角,从人性角度发散思维,对乘客与公交司机的争执行为进行剖析,旨在帮助国人在传统的哲学智慧里寻找到生命的智慧,重塑起民族的自信,能够为整个国家的进步探索
摘要 现如今,随着我国经济的飞速发展,道路桥梁建设越来越完善。在道桥施工过程中,为了保证其质量,应该不断探索有效的施工技术,充分结合具体工作实际,制定完善的施工策略,以促使道桥工程顺利开展。  关键词 道桥施工;技术问题;解决对策  引言  道桥工程是交通功能得以正常运行的保证,道桥建设是交通设施施工中最基础的项目之一,也是交通建设的重要组成部分。经济的发展带动了技术的提高,我国的道桥工程建设水平
摘 要 在初中英语教学中,教师需要对于词汇教学部分进行重点研究,这是因为词汇是学生学习英语的基础,并且也需要讲求一定的方式方法。在词汇教学中,教师需要不断思考优化教学效果的策略。对此,基于一定的教学实践经验,本文从“采用小组合作的词汇学习方法”“融入思维导图的运用”“将游戏与词汇教学相结合”这几方面出发,对于初中英语词汇教学的有效策略进行了具体的分析。  关键词 初中英语 词汇教学 小组 思维导图
编者注:2012年5月8日晚,一位女教师为了营救学生而被车轮碾压,双腿粉碎性骨折,高位截肢,而她今年才刚满29岁。这个不平凡的举动感动了国人。网络上,数以万计的网友纷纷留言为“最美教师”张丽莉祈福祝愿。她的事迹和病情牵动无数国人的心,引发了一场“爱的接力”……  Zhang Lili was born on January 19th, 1984. She graduated from Harbin