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Richter(1909)和Gr(?)fenberg(1931)首先报告使用宫内环或螺旋管(后称宫内节育器Interuterine Device,IUD)来预防妊娠。虽避孕有效,但会引起感染,并不流行。60年代初国内外又设计和试验了各种
Richter (1909) and Gröfenberg (1931) first reported the use of intrauterine loops or spiral tubes (later called Interuterine Device, IUD) to prevent pregnancy. Although effective in contraception, it can cause infections and is not prevalent. In the early 1960s, a variety of designs and tests were made at home and abroad