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目的：调查南阳市留守儿童心理行为问题状况。方法采用整群抽样法，抽取南阳市市辖卧龙区、宛城区、内乡县农村初中5所，小学2所的中学生及小学五、六年级在读学生1305名，应用症状自评量表进行测查分析。结果本组留守儿童心理问题的检出率为10．65％；不同留守年限儿童症状自评量表总分及人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、偏执因子分比较差异有显著性（ P＜0．05或0．01）；小学组人际关系、焦虑、恐怖因子分显著高于初中组，总分及抑郁、敌对、偏执因子分显著低于初中组（P＜0．05）；女生组总分及人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执因子分均显著高于男生组（ P＜0．05或0．01）；不同监护类型组总分及强迫症状、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖因子分比较差异有显著性（ P＜0．05或0．01）。结论南阳市留守儿童心理行为问题发生率较高，在强化政府职能的同时，更需家庭、学校、留守儿童共同努力，以减少心理行为问题的发生。“,”Objective To survey psychobehavioural problems of left‐behind children in Nanyang city . Methods Assessments were conducted with the Symptom Checklist‐90 (SCL‐90) in 1 ,305 students select‐ed from 5 junior high schools and from grade 5 and 6 of 2 primary schools in Wolong and Wancheng district as well as Neixiang County ,Nanyang city .Results The detection rate of psychobehavioural problems was 10 .65% ;there were significant differences in the total ,interpersonal relation ,depression ,anxiety ,phobi‐a ,and paranoia score of the SCL‐90 among children with different left‐behind times (P<0 .05 or 0 .01);interpersonal relation ,anxiety and phobia score were significantly higher and total ,depression ,hostility and paranoia lower in students of primary school than in ones of junior high school (P<0 .05);total ,in‐terpersonal relation ,depression ,anxiety ,hostility ,phobia ,and paranoia score were significantly higher in female than in male students (P<0 .05 or 0 .01);there were significant differences in the total ,obsession , interpersonal relation ,depression ,anxiety ,and phobia score among children with different guardianship types (P<0 .05 or 0 .01) .Conclusion The incidence of psychobehavioural problems of left‐behind chil‐dren in Nanyang city is higher ,the joint efforts of family ,school and left‐behind children are demanded to reduce the development of psycho‐behavior problem at the same time of strengthening government func‐tions .