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Sperber & Wilson的关联理论认为话语理解的过程实质上是认知的推理过程,这种推理是非论证性的。百科知识是这一过程的重要参与因素,它以图式的形式储存在人脑长时记忆中。受话者百科知识的结构制约着受话者认知语境的选择和构建,从而制约着话语的理解。文章先对图式和话语理解的一般过程及参与因素进行简要概述,然后重点分析话语理解者的百科知识结构在选择和构建最佳相关语境过程中的重要作用,最后阐述百科知识以图式形式对话语理解的作用对外语教学的启示。
Sperber & Wilson’s theory of relevance holds that the process of discourse comprehension is essentially a cognitive inference process that is non-demonstrative. Encyclopedic knowledge is an important contributor to this process, which is stored graphically in long-term memory of the human brain. The structure of encyclopedic knowledge of the receiver limits the choice and construction of the cognitive context of the receiver, which restricts the understanding of the utterance. The article first gives a brief overview of the general process of schemata and discourse comprehension and the factors of its participation. Then it focuses on the important role of the encyclopedic knowledge structure of discourse comprehension in the process of selecting and constructing the best relevant context. Finally, The Enlightenment of Formal Discourse Understanding on Foreign Language Teaching.