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鸦片战争之前,在清朝统治阶级和知识分子中间,流行过一种“以商制夷”思想。直隶总督琦善在《遵旨复奏禁烟折》中建议道光实行“智御外夷之良策”,即先行不准通商,待到外国所必需的中国货物告匮后不得不哀求时,乃开一面之网,恢复有限制的贸易,这样就可以控制住外夷。大理寺正卿曾望颜也向道光指陈:“今日要策,首在封关……然后察其果能诚心悔罪,再行奏请天恩,准其通商互市,仍将大黄、茶叶等货,定为限制,无许逾额多运,以为箝制之法。”(1)这些奏折表达的都是那种“以
Before the Opium War, in the middle of the Qing dynasty, among the ruling classes and intellectuals, there was a popular thought of “controlling the barbarians”. Chihli, Governor of Chihli, suggested in his “Resignation of Funeral Funeral” that Daoguang implemented the “good policy of guarding against foreign enemies and ignoring foreign infallible things”, that is, when the Chinese consignments necessary for foreign countries were forced to beg Open one side of the net and restore limited trade so that foreign barbarians can be brought under control. Dali Temple Zhengqing Zeng Yan also pointed to Dao Guang Chen: “Today’s policy, the first in the customs ... ... and then check the fruit can sincerely repentance, and then play grace please, allow them to trade, will be rhubarb, tea, etc. Goods, as a restriction, no amount of more than the amount of transport, thinking that the law of restraint. ”(1) These memorials are the kind of"