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目的探讨郑州市2013—2015年重症手足口病的流行病学和临床特征,为有效预防和控制手足口病提供科学依据。方法对郑州市2013—2015年报告的重症手足口病病例进行个案流行病学调查和样本采集,实验室采用RT-FQPCR法检测患者肛拭子标本的肠道病毒类型(EV71、Cox A16和其他肠道病毒)。对病例的基本信息、临床表现特点及实验室检测结果进行分析。结果郑州市2013—2015年手足口病重症病例发生率分别为2.06%、2.73%和0.09%,发病主要集中在4—7月,3岁以下儿童重症数占总数的80.38%。2013—2014年病原体以EV71为主,死亡数较多。结论郑州市应在重症病例高发时期加强针对EV71的病原学监测,早期识别重症病例及时治疗可防止出现死亡病例。同时重点关注3岁以下儿童和郊区重症病例。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological and clinical features of severe hand-foot-mouth disease in 2013-2015 in Zhengzhou City, and provide a scientific basis for the effective prevention and control of hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods A case-by-case epidemiological survey and sample collection of severe HFMD cases reported in 2013-2015 in Zhengzhou were conducted. The RT-FQPCR method was used to detect the intestinal virus types (EV71, Cox A16 and others Enterovirus). The basic information of the case, clinical features and laboratory test results were analyzed. Results The incidence rates of HFMD in Zhengzhou from 2013 to 2015 were 2.06%, 2.73% and 0.09% respectively. The incidence of HFMD was mainly in April-July. The number of severe cases in children under 3 years old accounted for 80.38% of the total. The main pathogens were EV71 from 2013 to 2014, with more deaths. Conclusion Zhengzhou should strengthen the etiological surveillance of EV71 during the high incidence of severe cases, early identification of severe cases and timely treatment can prevent deaths. At the same time, we will focus on children under 3 years of age and severe cases in the suburbs.