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目的了解深圳市中小学生骨折的流行特征及其影响因素,为制定针对中小学生的骨折防控干预措施和策略提供科学依据。方法采用方便抽样的方法,抽取深圳市10个区18所学校的5 116名中小学生为调查对象。通过自制的调查问卷开展调查,采用χ~2检验、Logistic回归分析法分析骨折的危险因素。结果在过去1 a内,中小学生骨折的发生率为2.4%,男生骨折发生率(3.3%)高于女生(1.3%)(χ~2=20.380,P<0.05);不同年龄组学生骨折发生率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.324,P<0.05)。单因素分析显示,性别、年龄、年级、家庭经济情况、打篮球、踢足球、运动时穿鞋的种类、溜冰或玩滑板、运动场地与骨折发生相关均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,外地户籍、篮球场地是中小学生骨折的危险因素(OR值分别为1.523,1.955,P值均<0.05);女生、中等家庭经济收入、运动时穿运动鞋是中小学生骨折的保护因素(OR值分别为0.515,0.611,3.389,P值均<0.05)。结论应根据危险因素予以积极干预,开展中小学生骨折相关的安全意识教育,最大限度地减少中小学生骨折的发生。
Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of primary and secondary school students’ fractures in Shenzhen and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control interventions and strategies for primary and secondary school students. Methods By means of convenient sampling, 5,116 primary and secondary school students from 18 schools in 10 districts of Shenzhen were selected as the survey subjects. Through self-made questionnaire investigation, using χ ~ 2 test, logistic regression analysis of risk factors for fractures. Results The incidence of fractures in primary and secondary school students was 2.4% in the past 1 year, and the incidence of fractures in boys was 3.3% higher than that in girls (1.3%) (χ ~ 2 = 20.380, P <0.05). Fractures occurred in different age groups The difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 7.324, P <0.05). Univariate analysis showed that gender, age, grade, family economic status, playing basketball, playing football, sports shoes type, skating or skateboarding, sports field and fractures were statistically significant (P <0.05 ). The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the household registration and basketball court were the risk factors for fracture in primary and secondary school students (OR = 1.523 and 1.955, P <0.05 respectively). The economic income of girls and middle-class families, Is a protective factor of primary and secondary fracture (OR values were 0.515,0.611,3.389, P values were <0.05). Conclusions Positive intervention should be made according to risk factors to educate primary and secondary school students about the safety awareness of fractures and minimize the occurrence of fractures among primary and middle school students.