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目的掌握本管辖社区儿童先天性佝偻病发病情况及影响因素,为当地儿童保健工作提供科学依据,以便制定更切实可行的干预措施。方法对新生儿781人进行先天性佝偻病诊查,并询问母亲孕期情况。结果发病率为13.06%,其发病与体弱儿(早产儿、低出生体重儿、双胎)有关;与儿童出生季节有关;与产妇妊娠期饮食单调含钙少、没加钙剂有关及有低钙症状有关(P<0.01)。结论防治先天性佝偻病必须采取因地制宜的综合措施,从围产胎儿和围产新生儿抓起。在对本社区孕妇继续开展多晒太阳、平衡膳食、妊娠后三月补钙的同时,还应适当补充维生素D,特别针对孕期有低钙症状及饮食单调的孕妇。对体弱儿及冬春季出生的小儿要加强管理,增加访视次数,在小儿出生7天开始,可预防性投维生素D;对已发生先天性佝偻病的小儿要做到早诊早治,防止骨骼畸形,促进优生优育,保障儿童健康成长。
Objective To grasp the incidence and influencing factors of congenital rickets in children under the jurisdiction of the community and to provide a scientific basis for local child health care so as to formulate more practical interventions. Methods 781 newborns were diagnosed with congenital rickets and asked about their mothers during pregnancy. Results The incidence rate was 13.06%. The incidence was related to infants (premature children, low birth weight infants and twins), and was related to the child’s birth season. Compared with the maternal gestational diet monotonous calcium deficiency and no calcium supplement, Low calcium symptoms (P <0.01). Conclusion Prevention and treatment of congenital rickets must take measures to local conditions, from the perinatal fetus and perinatal newborn start. Pregnant women in the community continue to carry out more than the sun, a balanced diet, calcium supplementation in March after pregnancy should also be appropriate to add vitamin D, especially for pregnant women with low calcium symptoms and monotonous diet. For infants and children born in winter and spring to strengthen the management of children, increasing the number of visits, 7 days in the childbirth, vitamin D prophylactically; for children with congenital rickets have to do early diagnosis and treatment of precocious puberty Skeletal deformities, promote prenatal and postnatal care, to protect the healthy growth of children.