论文部分内容阅读
苹果是多年生果树,必需通过营养繁殖才能保持各优良品种的经济性状。以往生产所用营养繁殖途径主要是嫁接,嫁接包括繁殖砧木和提供接穗两个方面。繁殖营养系苹果砧木苗,用常规方法增殖系数很低;优良品种的接穗,也常因来源有限而难迅速提供。致使苹果新品种的快速推广、普及往往难以实现。直接采用扦插等营养繁殖途径,因苹果栽培品种一般都不易生根,以致在两千多年的苹果生产中尚无采用优良品种自根苗的先例。自从植物组织培养技术应用于果树繁殖的研究后,许多研究者相继在苹果实生幼苗茎尖培养,以及栽培品种茎尖培养上获得成功。而有关苹果品种组织培养自根树生育反应的报道却很少见。为了解决优良苹果品种的快速、无病毒繁殖问题,并开辟一条苹果自根繁殖的新途径,我们从1979年起开展了苹果品种自根苗组织培养繁殖的研究工作,并在1981～1983年先后培养出富士、金矮生等5个苹果品种自根苗600余株,栽植于省内外7个试验点进行适应性和生育反应观察。
Apple is a perennial fruit tree, must pass the nutrition breeding in order to maintain the economic traits of various fine varieties. In the past, the main methods of vegetative propagation used in production were grafting, grafting including breeding rootstock and providing scion. Propagation and nutrition Department of apple rootstock seedlings, with a conventional method of proliferation coefficient is very low; fine varieties of scion, but also often due to limited sources and difficult to provide promptly. Resulting in the rapid promotion of new varieties of apples, popularization is often difficult to achieve. Cuttings and other direct use of vegetative propagation, because Apple cultivars are generally not easy to root, resulting in two thousand years of apple production there is no precedent for the use of fine varieties of self-root seedlings. Since the application of plant tissue culture technology to the study of fruit tree growth, many researchers succeeded in cultivating the shoot tips of apple seedlings and cultivating the shoot tips. However, reports on the reproductive response of apple tree tissue cultured from rooted trees are rare. In order to solve the problem of rapid, virus-free reproduction of excellent apple varieties and to open up a new way for apple to reproduce, we started the research on tissue culture and propagation of apple seedlings since 1979 and cultivated them successively from 1981 to 1983 Out of Fuji, gold dwarf and other five apple varieties from more than 600 strains of root seedlings, planted in seven provinces inside and outside the pilot test of adaptability and fertility observed.