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《汉堡规则》在世界范围内首次制定了实际承运人制度,弥补了《海牙规则》与《维斯比规则》对承运人定义不清的缺点,因而简化了承运人的识别问题。《中国人民共和国海商法》通过借鉴《汉堡规则》中承运人和实际承运人的定义、内容以及对两者关系的规定,制定出了关于我国海上货物运输的承运人识别制度。本文试图通过对承运人以及实际承运人之概念、责任性质以及责任范围等方面内容的分析,来阐释实际承运人制度中承运人与实际承运人关系的核心问题——实际承运人的识别以及责任的分担。
For the first time in the world, the Hamburg Rules set out the actual carrier system, which made up for the shortcomings of the Hague and Visby rules in defining the carriers and thus simplified the carrier identification. The “Maritime Code of the People’s Republic of China” has drawn up a carrier identification system for the carriage of goods by sea in China by drawing on the definitions and contents of carriers and actual carriers in the “Hamburg Rules” and the provisions on the relationship between the two. This article attempts to explain the core issues of the relationship between the carrier and the actual carrier in the actual carrier system - the identification of the actual carrier and the responsibility through the analysis of the carrier and the actual carrier concept, the nature of responsibility and the scope of responsibility Share.