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[目的]研究麦积山景区生态需水特征。[方法]运用麦积山景区内多年土壤湿度资料及气象资料,对景区内生态需水特征进行分析。[结果]麦积山景区内年实际需水量为678×106m3,土壤含水占21%,蒸散量占79%;最小生态需水定额为480×106m3,土壤含水占16%,蒸散量占84%;最小适宜生态需水定额为624×106m3,土壤含水占18%,蒸散量占82%。降水量为614×106m3,可消耗水中水分盈余78×106m3。降水量大于蒸散量的年份占76%。自21世纪80年代以来,蒸散量呈线性增加趋势,一年之中,6~10月降水量大于蒸散量,11~12月以及1~5月降水量小于蒸散量,蒸散需水靠土壤水调节。春季降水量与蒸散量相差较大,对瀑布、溪流等自然有一定影响。[结论]该研究结果为麦积山景区水资源的合理利用及长远规划提供了依据。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the characteristics of ecological water demand in Maiji Mountain scenic spot. [Method] With the multi-year soil moisture data and meteorological data in the Maiji Mountain scenic area, the ecological water requirement characteristics in the scenic area were analyzed. [Result] The actual annual water requirement of Maiji Mountain was 678 × 106m3, the soil water content was 21%, the evapotranspiration was 79%, the minimum ecological water requirement was 480 × 106m3, the soil water content was 16%, and the evapotranspiration was 84% ; The minimum suitable ecological water quota is 624 × 106m3, soil moisture accounts for 18%, evapotranspiration accounts for 82%. Precipitation of 614 × 106m3, water consumption surplus water 78 × 106m3. The year with precipitation greater than evapotranspiration accounted for 76%. Since the 1980s, the evapotranspiration shows a linear increase trend. During the year, the precipitation from June to October is greater than the evapotranspiration. The precipitation from January to December and from January to May is less than the evapotranspiration, adjust. The difference between spring precipitation and evapotranspiration is quite large, which has a certain impact on waterfalls and streams. [Conclusion] The results of this study provided the basis for rational utilization and long-term planning of water resources in Maiji Mountain scenic spot.