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为探明不同栽培方式水稻在长江下游稻-麦两熟制条件下的分蘖特性及其与群体生产力的关系,以超级稻淮稻9号和徐稻3号为材料,比较研究旱育中苗壮秧精量手栽、小苗机插、直播3种栽培方式水稻分蘖发生与成穗特点及其生产力和对产量的贡献。结果表明,不同栽培方式水稻产量差异极显著,手栽稻最高,直播稻最低。机插稻和直播稻主茎和一次分蘖群对产量贡献大,尤其是直播稻,主茎产量比例达27.5%,二次分蘖群仅5%左右,而手栽稻主茎产量比例小(16.7%),二次分蘖群产量占近20%。一次分蘖群产量比例不同栽培方式间变化幅度较小,都在65.84%~67.09%之间。手栽稻分蘖发生叶位数多,且茎蘖成穗率高,单株成穗数多;一次分蘖群发生在主茎第1至第10叶位,其中第5至第8叶位分蘖发生率与成穗率较高,二次分蘖群以1/5、1/6、1/7发生和成穗为主。机插稻分蘖发生比较集中,一次分蘖群发生在主茎第3叶至第7叶位,第4至第7叶是分蘖发生与成穗的优势叶位,二次分蘖群发生以1/4、2/4、1/5为主,但主要依靠1/4成穗。直播稻一次分蘖群发生在主茎第1至第5叶位,其中第1至第4叶位分蘖发生率与成穗率较高,二次分蘖发生较多,但仅在1/1、2/1、1/2有成穗,且成穗率很低。3种栽培方式均未见三次及三次以上分蘖发生。各栽培方式主茎及优势叶位分蘖群生产力高、穗部性状好,对产量贡献大,产量的85%以上来自这些茎蘖。说明不同栽培方式水稻分蘖发生与成穗规律是不同的,提高茎蘖成穗率,增加单株成穗数,充分发挥分蘖群的调控作用,对提高产量具有重要意义;同时生产中应根据各种栽培方式的实际,应用各自配套的管理技术措施,通过密、肥、水等的精确合理调控,促进优势叶位分蘖早发、多发,抑制无效叶位分蘖发生,提高群体质量,发掘优势叶位的增产潜力,从而实现不同栽培方式水稻的高产高效生产。
In order to investigate the tillering traits of rice under different cultivation methods under the condition of rice-wheat two-cropping in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its relationship with population productivity, the super rice Huaiyou9 and Xuyao3 were compared to study the effects of drought- Strong seedlings planted with strong seedlings, seedlings inserted machine, live broadcast three kinds of rice tillering and ear formation characteristics and its productivity and contribution to yield. The results showed that there was significant difference in the yield of rice under different cultivation methods, with the highest in hand-planted rice and the lowest in direct-seeded rice. The main stem and one tiller group of rice-planting and direct-seeding rice contributed a lot to the yield, especially the direct seeding rice. The proportion of main stem was 27.5% and the secondary tiller was only 5% %), Secondary tiller group output accounted for nearly 20%. The ratio of yield of one tillering group varied less between different cultivation methods, which ranged from 65.84% to 67.09%. The number of tillers in hand-cultivated rice was more than that in the tillers, and the number of spikelets per plant was high, and the number of spikes per plant was more. The first tillering group occurred in the first to the tenth leaves of the main stem, and the tillers occurred in the fifth to the eighth leaves The rates and rates of spike formation were higher, and the secondary tillers were dominated by 1/5, 1/6 and 1/7. The tillering of machine-inserted rice was more concentrated. The first tillering occurred in the third to seventh leaves of the main stem, the fourth to the seventh leaves were the dominant leaf positions for tillering and spike formation, and the second tillering occurred in 1/4 , 2 / 4,1 / 5 based, but mainly rely on 1/4 into the ear. The first tillering of direct seeding rice occurred in the first to the fifth leaves of the main stem, among which the tillering rate and the heading rate of the first to the fourth leaves were higher and the second tillering occurred more frequently. However, / 1, 1/2 has a spike, and the spike rate is very low. Three kinds of cultivation methods are not seen three times and more than three tillering. The cultivation of main stems and superior leaf position tillering group of high productivity, good ear performance, contribute to the yield, yield more than 85% from these stems and tillers. It shows that the tillering and spike law of rice are different under different cultivation methods. It is of great significance to increase the yield of stem tiller, increase the number of spike per plant, and give full play to the regulation function of tillering group. At the same time, Planting methods of the actual application of their respective management techniques and measures through the dense, fertile, water and other accurate and reasonable regulation and control to promote the advantages of leaf tillering early and frequent, inhibition of ineffective tillering at the leaf position to improve the quality of the group to explore the advantages of leaf Bit potential yield, in order to achieve high yield and efficient cultivation of rice in different ways.