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针对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄产区砾质砂土土壤砂性但大水漫灌导致养分流失严重等问题,采用室内土柱模拟法,分别设置4种肥料:尿素(20kg/667m2),磷酸一铵(10kg/667m2),硝酸钾(18kg/667m2),硫酸铵(45kg/667m2);4个土柱高度:20、40、60、80cm;2次灌水量:100、50m3/667m2,用于研究速效养分淋溶规律。结果表明:铵态氮淋溶量较小,20cm土柱最大,占养分投入量在1.04%~1.87%;硝态氮淋溶量较大,分布于各土层,80cm土柱占养分投入量最大达28.82%;尿素态氮淋溶主要集中在40cm土柱,占养分投入量比值与硝态氮相近;速效磷淋溶量较小,主要分布在20cm的土柱,占养分投入量比值14.90%。钾素淋溶量较大,其中80cm土柱淋溶量占总养分投入量的33.81%。总体上,铵态氮淋溶速率较慢,且主要集中在表层土壤,其它养分淋溶速率较快,硝态氮与速效钾各层淋溶量相当。
In order to solve the problem of gravelly sandy soils in the region of wine grape in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain but due to serious flooding caused by flood irrigation, four kinds of fertilizers, urea (20kg / 667m2), monoammonium (10kg / 667m2), potassium nitrate (18kg / 667m2), ammonium sulphate (45kg / 667m2); 4 soil columns height: 20,40,60,80cm; secondary irrigation amount: 100,50m3 / 667m2 for research Available nutrients leaching law. The results showed that the leaching amount of ammonium nitrogen was the smallest, the largest was 20cm soil column, accounting for 1.04% -1.87% of the total nutrient input. The leaching amount of nitrate nitrogen was larger and distributed in all soil layers. The maximum reaches 28.82%. The leaching of urea nitrogen is mainly concentrated in the soil column of 40cm, which is similar to the ratio of nutrient input to nitrate nitrogen. The leaching of available phosphorus is small, mainly distributed in 20cm soil column, accounting for 14.90 %. Leaching amount of potassium is larger, of which 80cm soil column leaching accounted for 33.81% of the total nutrient input. In general, ammonium nitrogen leaching rate is slower, and mainly concentrated in the surface soil, other nutrients leaching rate faster, nitrate and available potassium leaching amount of each layer quite.