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进入新世纪以来,各种新式两栖战舰已越来越大量地加入各国海军服役,以两栖攻击舰为核心的两栖作战舰种正成为现代海战不可或缺和至为关键的作战力量。通俗地说,两栖战舰是指本身没有直接抢滩登陆能力,但却能运送登陆兵员、武器装备、坦克战车、军用物资等到登陆地段附近海域的战舰,通过其携带的舰载直升机、气垫登陆艇、小型登陆艇、两栖车辆等换乘工具装运上岸。两栖战舰的排水量一般较大,大都在1万吨以上,而且有上升的趋势。根据任务的不同,两栖战舰又可分为两栖攻击舰、船坞登陆舰、船坞运输舰等。由于两栖攻击舰近些年来作战效能日显突出,以及在执行海上各种任务时的超常表现,使得其在未来海上作战和非作战行动中占有独树一帆的地位与作用。目前,各国海军正以前所未有的关切态度和超乎寻常的发展速度,重新审视和加速建造两栖战舰。尽管如此,在发展进程中仍存在着不少困惑和争论焦点。
Since the beginning of the new century, all kinds of new-style amphibious ships have increasingly joined the navies in various countries. The amphibious-type warships with amphibious assault ships as the core are becoming the indispensable and crucial combat force for modern naval warfare. To put it in a nutshell, amphibious battleship means a battleship that does not have direct access to a beach landing capability, but can deliver landings of soldiers, weapons and equipment, tank chariots and military supplies until the landing area. Through its carrier-based helicopters, air-cushion landing craft, Small landing craft, amphibious vehicles and other transfer tools shipped ashore. Amphibious warships displacement generally larger, mostly in more than 10,000 tons, and there is an upward trend. According to different missions, amphibious battleships can be divided into amphibious assault ships, dock landing ship, ship dock and other ships. The amphibious assault ships have become more and more prominent in their operational effectiveness in recent years and their exceptional performance in carrying out various tasks at sea, making them uniquely placed to play a role in future maritime combat and non-combat operations. At present, navies of all countries are revisiting and speeding up the construction of amphibious ships with unprecedented concerns and extraordinary growth rates. Nevertheless, there are still many puzzles and controversies in the development process.