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针对华北高产农区连年旋耕导致耕层变浅、耕层生产能力下降的问题,在河北吴桥地区设置了6种耕作处理,研究大田条件下不同耕作方法对土壤水热状况与春玉米产量的影响。结果表明:1)不同耕作处理对土壤蓄水量的影响较大。耕作初期,深旋松耕处理土壤易于跑墒,随着时间推移,深旋松耕处理表现出利于降水入渗、储蓄更多水分的优势,并且越是干旱的时段,表现越突出,在抽雄吐丝期深旋松耕处理土壤蓄水量均极显著高于旋耕处理和间隔深松处理,其中深旋松耕50cm处理的0～50cm土层土壤蓄水量分别比旋耕处理和间隔深松处理增加37.67和26.41mm,提高了60.57%和35.96%。土壤耕作结合地膜覆盖可以防止水分蒸发,提高土壤蓄水保墒能力,其中深旋松耕30cm+地膜处理的0～30和0～50cm土层土壤蓄水量分别比深旋松耕30cm增加18.18和24.67mm,提高35.26%和24.64%。2)单纯耕作方法对春玉米土壤温度没有太大影响。深旋松耕结合地膜覆盖会在春玉米封垄之前气温较低时有较好的保温效应,从而延长生育期5d左右,延长了灌浆时间,利于提高产量。3)耕作方式的不同对土壤水温状况有影响,并进而影响春玉米物候期、群体LAI、干物质积累和灌浆速率以及产量的形成。所有耕作处理中,深旋松耕处理的春玉米产量显著高于深松耕作和旋耕耕作,其中深旋松耕50cm+地膜处理产量最高达12 698.93kg/hm2,与长期旋耕耕作相比增产27.45%。总体来看最适宜本地区的耕作处理是深旋松耕结合地膜覆盖处理。
In order to solve the problem that high-yielding agricultural areas in North China have been turning rotations year after year resulting in shallowing of the topsoil and lower productivity of the topsoil, six tillage treatments were set up in Wuqiao area of Hebei Province to study the effects of different tillage methods on soil water and heat conditions and spring maize yield influences. The results showed that: 1) Different tillage treatments had a greater impact on soil water storage. In the early tillage, the deep-loosening tillage treatment soil is easy to soil moisture, with the passage of time, the deep-loosening tillage treatment showed the advantage of benefit of precipitation infiltration and saving more water, and the more drought period, the more prominent the performance, During the silking stage, the soil water storage under deep-seated tillage was significantly higher than that under rotary tillage and interval subsoiling. The soil water storage in 0-50 cm soil layer under deep-seeding 50 cm treatment was higher than that under rotary tillage and interval Subsoiling increased by 37.67 and 26.41 mm, an increase of 60.57% and 35.96%. Soil tillage combined with plastic film mulching can prevent water evaporation and improve soil water storage and soil conservation capacity. Soil water storage capacity of 0-30 and 0-50 cm soil layers treated with deep-loosening 30cm + plastic film increased 18.18 and 24.67 mm, increased by 35.26% and 24.64%. 2) Simple tillage method does not have much effect on spring maize soil temperature. Deep-furrow and tillage combined with plastic film mulching will have a better thermal insulation effect at lower temperatures before spring mantle mulching, thus prolonging the growth period by about 5 days, prolonging the grouting time and improving the yield. 3) Different tillage methods have an impact on the soil water temperature, and thus affect the phenology of spring maize, population LAI, dry matter accumulation, grain filling rate and yield formation. In all tillage treatments, the yield of spring maize with deep-loosening tillage was significantly higher than that of deep-tillage and rotary tillage. The yield of deep-loosening tillage 50cm + plastic film reached 12 698.93kg / hm2, which was higher than that of long-term tillage 27.45%. Overall, the most suitable tillage in the region is deep-rotary tillage combined with plastic film mulching.