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【目的】研究新疆吉木萨尔大蒜种植区大蒜根腐病的病原菌。【方法】采用常规组织分离法分离纯化病原菌,用传统的形态学鉴定方法,结合分子生物学方法对菌株进行鉴定。用原位伤根法进行回接,对照科赫法则明确致病菌的种类及其致病力。【结果】在采集的3批次典型病害植株组织和根际土壤中分离得到64株分离物,其中61株分属于镰刀菌,分属于尖孢镰刀菌、层生镰刀菌、芳香镰刀菌、三线镰刀菌、轮状镰刀菌和木贼镰刀菌。尖孢镰刀菌和层生镰刀菌分离频率累计达到76.6%,且在采集的各个时期都有分离出现。选取典型的5株菌株进行回接测定,回接的5个镰刀菌种均表现出不同程度的致病性,其中尖孢镰刀菌是大蒜根腐病分离频率最高、且致病性最强的致病菌,其次为层生镰刀菌。【结论】新疆吉木萨尔地区大蒜根腐病是由镰刀菌属的真菌引起的,其中尖孢镰刀菌是致病的优势种。
【Objective】 To study the pathogens of garlic root rot disease in the garlic planting area of Jimusar, Xinjiang. 【Method】 The pathogen was isolated and purified by routine tissue isolation method. The traditional morphological identification method and molecular biology method were used to identify the strains. Recovering with the method of in situ wound healing, according to Koch’s law, the types of pathogenic bacteria and their pathogenicity were determined. 【Result】 Sixty-four isolates were isolated from three batches of typical diseased plants and rhizosphere soils, of which 61 isolates belonged to Fusarium, belonging to Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium fragrans, Fusarium, Fusarium rotundus and Equisetum. The frequency of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium spp. Separation reached 76.6%, and there was segregation in all stages of the collection. Five typical strains were selected for back-connection determination. The five returned pathogenic Fusarium species all showed different degrees of pathogenicity. Fusarium oxysporum was the highest frequency and highest pathogenicity of garlic root rot Pathogenic bacteria, followed by stratification Fusarium. 【Conclusion】 Garlic root rot in Jimsar region of Xinjiang is caused by Fusarium fungi, of which Fusarium oxysporum is the predominant species.