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目的了解西安市阎良区(饮水型地方性氟中毒病区)降氟改水工程15年来地方性氟中毒病情变化趋势,评价降氟改水防病效果,为调整饮水型氟中毒策略提供依据。方法对全区农村饮水现状和改水工程正常使用情况进行调查,测定末梢水和儿童尿氟含量;儿童进行氟斑牙诊断,成人进行氟骨症诊断。结果病区村全部改水,管道入户率为100%,病区村改水工程设备10年来运转正常,受益人口达26.3万人。儿童氟斑牙患病率为4.13%;成人氟骨症临床患病率为1.82%;水氟含量合格工程52个,合格率为100%。结论降氟改水是降低饮水型氟中毒发病的有效措施;儿童氟斑牙患病率和成人氟骨症临床患病率比改水前明显下降,应继续注意病情动态变化。
Objective To understand the changing trend of endemic fluorosis in Yanliang District of Xi’an (water-drinking endemic fluorosis area) for fluorine-lowering water diversion project over the past 15 years, and to evaluate the effect of reducing fluoride and water to prevent disease and provide the basis for adjusting drinking water fluorosis . Methods The status quo of drinking water in rural areas in the region and the normal use of water diversion projects were investigated. The fluoride content in peripheral water and children were measured. Children were diagnosed with dental fluorosis and adults were diagnosed with fluorosis. Results All ward villages changed their water supply, and the rate of pipeline households was 100%. The water supply engineering equipment of ward villages had operated normally in 10 years and benefited 263,000 people. The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis in children was 4.13%. The clinical prevalence rate of adult fluorosis was 1.82%. The water fluorine content was 52 qualified and the pass rate was 100%. Conclusion Reducing fluoride and improving water quality is an effective measure to reduce the incidence of fluorosis in drinking water. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in children and the clinical prevalence of adult skeletal fluorosis are significantly lower than those before water diversion. The dynamic changes of the disease should be paid more attention to.