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当需要输血时,能够获得安全血液的机会在各国之间存在着很大差异,它主要取决于是否具备完善安全的献血规划。全球大约60%的血液供应提供给18%的世界人口。从血液的可得性和安全性来看,国家之间的差距悬殊。 发展中国家的人们继续面临着来自不安全血液和血液制品的最大风险。总体来说,人均收入较高国家的献血率较高,具有更有效率的采血系统,更多的可得血液和更多的自愿无偿献血者,他们是最安全的献血者。 在富裕国家中,据统计每10个进入医院的人中就有一人需要血液。这个人可能是事故或烧伤的受害者,他们可能需要心脏手术或器官移植等。 随着人口的老龄化,在需要进行输血的医学治疗和操作方面的进展,富裕国家中对血液的要求不断增长。根据美萄的国家统计,每年有450万人因得不到输血而死亡。英格兰和威尔士国家血液服务机构称,2004年,输血者拯救或改善了大约100万人的生命。 在低收入国家中,妇女和儿童是对血液最有需求的人群。全球每年有50多万妇女死于怀孕和分娩相关的并发症。其中99%在发展中国家。占并发症的25%的大出血是产妇死亡的最常见的原因。在非洲,因疟疾引发的严重贫血儿童的输血占总输血基的70%,这一疾患造成的死亡大约占非州所有儿童死亡的五分之一。
When there is a need for blood transfusions, the chances of obtaining safe blood vary greatly from country to country. It depends largely on having a sound and safe donation plan. About 60% of the world’s blood supply is provided to 18% of the world’s population. From the perspective of blood availability and safety, the gap between countries is very different. People in developing countries continue to face the greatest risk from unsafe blood and blood products. In general, higher donation rates in countries with higher per capita income have a more efficient blood collection system, more available blood and more voluntary unpaid blood donors, who are the safest blood donors. In rich countries, according to statistics, one out of every 10 people who enter the hospital needs blood. This person may be the victim of an accident or burn. They may need heart surgery or organ transplants. As the population ages, advances in medical treatment and operations that require blood transfusions, the demand for blood in rich countries continues to grow. According to the National Statistics of the United States, 4.5 million people die every year because they cannot receive blood transfusions. The National Blood Service of England and Wales stated that in 2004, blood donors saved or improved the lives of approximately one million people. In low-income countries, women and children are the people most in need of blood. More than 500,000 women die each year from pregnancy and childbirth-related complications worldwide. Of these, 99% are in developing countries. A major cause of maternal mortality is bleeding, which accounts for 25% of complications. In Africa, transfusions of malnourished children with severe anaemia account for 70% of the total transfusion base. Deaths from this disease account for approximately one-fifth of all child deaths in Africa.