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以16个山西省地方的核桃为试材,对其坚果性状、核桃仁脂肪酸组分进行调查测定,了解不同产地晚实类型核桃资源果实坚果性状及核桃仁中脂肪酸含量的差异性,为山西省核桃油用型良种的选育和开发利用提供必要的理论依据。采用气相色谱法对其核桃仁脂肪酸组分进行测定,并使用SAS数据分析软件进行差异性、相关性分析。结果表明,各个晚实类型核桃间平均单果质量差异性显著,左权东峪核桃与汾阳早龙核桃出仁率差异性不显著,平均单果质量最高的是左权大炉核桃,达14.96 g,壳皮厚度值最大的是左权大炉核桃,为1.45 mm,果实形状与平均单果质量之间相关性显著,出仁率与壳皮厚度有极显著的负相关性;16个晚实类型核桃的核桃仁中检测出油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、其他酸等6种脂肪酸,其中,油酸和亚油酸相对总含量占到80%左右,以亚油酸相对含量最高,盂县榆林坪核桃仁中含油量最高达68%,晋龙1号最低,仅55.2%;左权苏亭核桃、左权大炉核桃与各品种间含油量具有显著性差异,左权东峪核桃亚油酸含量70.90%,左权白水核桃的油麻比(亚油酸与亚麻酸比)最高达7.5,汾阳大龙眼核桃的最低为4.2,核桃仁的含油量与棕榈酸有极显著的相关性,与油酸和亚麻酸有显著相关性;油酸含量与亚油酸呈极显著的负相关,与亚麻酸呈显著的负相关,油麻比与亚麻酸呈极显著的负相关。核桃油中油酸、亚油酸含量较高、油麻比值高,其品质好而且耐藏性相对较长,试验的16个地方优株中左权白水核桃和左权东峪核桃可以作为核桃油用型核桃的原料。
Sixteen Shanxi Province walnuts were used as materials to investigate the nut properties and the fatty acids composition of walnut kernels. The differences of the nut properties and the fatty acid content of walnuts in walnut were studied. Walnut oil seed selection breeding and development and utilization provide the necessary theoretical basis. Gas chromatography was used to determine the content of fatty acids in walnut kernels. SAS data analysis software was used to analyze the differences and correlations. The results showed that there were significant differences in the average fruit weight among the late-night walnuts. There was no significant difference in the kernel yield between Zuochong Dongyu walnut and Fenyang morninglong walnut. The highest average single fruit weight was Zuoquan furnace walnut, reaching 14.96 g, The skin thickness value is the largest Zuoquan furnace walnut, 1.45 mm, fruit shape and the average single fruit mass correlation between the significant, kernel rate and shell thickness has a significant negative correlation; 16 late-type walnut walnut In the kernel, six kinds of fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and other acids were detected. Among them, the relative total content of oleic acid and linoleic acid accounted for about 80% Content Yulin Ping Yulin kernel oil content up to 68%, the lowest Jinlong 1, only 55.2%; Zuoquan Su Ting walnut, Zuoquan furnace walnut and the varieties of oil content was significantly different, Zuoquan Dongyu Walnut linoleic acid content of 70.90%, Zuoquan white water walnut oleaginous ratio (linoleic acid and linolenic acid ratio) up to 7.5, Fenyang Dalong walnut minimum of 4.2, walnut oil content and palmitic acid are extremely significant Correlation, with oleic acid and linolenic acid have significant correlation; oleic acid content Linoleic acid was very significant negative correlation with a significant negative correlation linolenic, linolenic Ma ratio was significantly negative correlation. Walnut oil oleic acid, linoleic acid content is high, high linseed ratio, good quality and relatively long storage resistance, the test of the local superior plants in Zuoquan white water walnut and Zuoquan Dongyu walnut can be used as walnut oil type Walnut raw materials.