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施用农药作为一种防治病虫草害的强有力的手段,在农业生产上起着巨大的作用。据上海市金山县试验,使用药剂除草比对照每亩增产稻谷22—43.5公斤,增产率为5—9%。据苏联估计,合理使用杀虫剂和杀菌剂,每亩可增产谷物10—33.5公斤,增产籽棉18—36.5公斤。但是如农药使用不合理,不仅不能发挥它的作用,而且还会造成不利影响,一是使有害生物产生抗药性,二是引起次级害虫的大发生或原有害虫的再次猖撅,三是农药的残留对人畜产生直接的危害。由此可见,农药的合理使用显得特别重要。那么怎样才算合理使用呢?所谓农药的合理使用,就是指在选择使用一种农药时,既要考虑提高药剂的防治效果,人、畜、作物及有益生物安全,减少对天敌的影响,预防防治对象产生抗药性,又要考虑提高生产率,降低成本,达到增产增收的目的。合理使用农药的内容和方法很多,主要包括对症用药、适时用药、适量用药、混和和交替用药、以及加强施药期和药后田间管理等方面。
The use of pesticides as a powerful tool for the control of pests and diseases plays a huge role in agricultural production. According to the test of Jinshan County in Shanghai Municipality, the use of pesticides increased the yield of rice by 22-43.5 kg per acre compared with the control, and the yield increase rate was 5-9%. According to the estimates of the Soviet Union, the rational use of insecticides and bactericides could increase 10-33.5 kilograms of grain per mu and 18-36.5 kilograms of seed cotton. However, unreasonable use of pesticides not only fails to play its role but also adversely affects the pest’s production. Second, it causes the occurrence of secondary pests or the re-emergence of existing pests. Thirdly, Residues of pesticides have a direct impact on humans and animals. This shows that the rational use of pesticides is particularly important. So what is reasonable use? The so-called rational use of pesticides, refers to the choice of the use of a pesticide, it is necessary to consider improving the control effect of pesticides, livestock, crops and beneficial biological safety, reduce the impact on natural enemies, prevention Prevention and treatment of drug-resistant objects, but also consider raising productivity, reduce costs and achieve the purpose of increasing production and income. The rational use of pesticides content and methods are many, including symptomatic medication, timely medication, appropriate medication, mixing and alternating medication, as well as strengthening the application period and field management after medicine and so on.