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2003年2月2日,瓦茨拉夫·哈维尔卸任捷克共和国总统职务,告别他几十年风风雨雨、动荡起伏的政治生涯。有报道说他将重操旧业,在离开权力巅峰之后返回他的老本行——写作。作为一园之领袖,他因其出色的思想和高尚的实践,被誉为现代“哲学王”。哈维尔1936年10月5日生于布拉格一个有产阶级家庭,1951年完成十年制义务教育之后,因为家庭出身原因,无法继续升学。此后他担任过化学实验室助理员、舞台管理员,念过技校,还服了两年兵役,其间开始在文学和戏剧杂志上发表文章。1968年苏军入侵之后很长一段时间内,哈维尔的剧本不能上演,许多艺术家、知识分子被打入社会最低层,但他并没有忘记作为一个公民、一个知识分子在社会生活中应该发挥的作用。1977年,“宇宙塑料人”摇滚乐队的几名成员被捕,依据捷克已经加入赫尔辛基人权条约的事实,哈维尔和他的朋友们发起了一场签名营救运动,呼吁落实这个国家已有的宪法,这就是所谓“七七宪章运动”。哈维尔的这些活动给他带来了三次牢狱之灾,前后被关押近五年。1989年10月,哈维尔作为“公民论坛”的主要领导人物,参与了捷克的“天鹅绒革命”。之所以如此称呼,是因为这场革命从头至尾没有打碎一块玻璃窗,没有点燃一部小汽车,没有任何冲击政府机关部门的激烈行为。1989年11月,哈维尔当选为捷克斯洛伐克总统;1992年斯洛伐克分出去之后,1993年哈维尔当选为捷克共和国第一任总统。
On February 2, 2003, Vaclav Havel stepped down as president of the Czech Republic and bid farewell to his turbulent and turbulent political career for decades. There are reports that he will return to his old business and return to his old home after writing the peak of his power - writing. As a leader of a garden, he was hailed as the modern “philosopher of Kings” for his excellent ideas and noble practices. Javier Born on October 5, 1936 in a bourgeois family in Prague, after completing the 10-year compulsory education in 1951, he was unable to pursue further studies because of his family background. Since then he has served as a chemical laboratory assistant, stage manager, had studied at technical schools, also served two years of military service, during which he began to publish articles in literary and theater magazines. For a long time since the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1968, Havel’s script could not be staged. Many artists and intellectuals were pushed into the lowest social strata. However, he did not forget that as an individual citizen, an intellectual should play a role in his social life effect. In 1977, several members of the Cosmo Man rock band were arrested. Based on the fact that the Czech Republic has acceded to the human rights treaty in Helsinki, Havel and his friends launched a signature rescue campaign calling for the implementation of the country’s existing constitution This is the so-called “Charter of 77”. These activities by Havel brought him three prison terms and were held for nearly five years before and after. In October 1989, Havel participated as the “Velvet Revolution” in the Czech Republic as the main leader of the “Citizens Forum.” The reason for this is because the revolution did not break a glass window from start to finish, did not light a car, and did not have any violent actions that hit government departments. In November 1989, Havel was elected President of Czechoslovakia. In 1992, after the separation of Slovakia, Havel was elected as the first president of the Czech Republic in 1993.