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晚清有关西方女性的最早文字记载,来源于政府的官方奏折或文件。在这些材料中,西方女性被轻蔑地称为“番妇”。至洋务运动时期,虽不再以“番妇”相称,但西方女性仍以负面形象出现。这一状况直到19世纪末20世纪初,随着学习西方成为朝野上下的普遍共识,才有所改观。这一时期西方女性主要被视作晚清女子的典范,但也同样值得男子效仿。本文旨在考察西方女性在晚清社会的形象变迁及典范身份的建构过程,揭橥晚清知识分子接受西方女性的复杂面貌。
The earliest written records of Western women in the late Qing dynasty originated from the government’s official memorials or documents. Among these materials, Western women are dismissed as “women ”. To the Westernization Movement, although no longer “”, but Western women still appear negative image. This situation did not change until the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the common understanding that the West became the ruling party. Western women during this period are mainly seen as a model for late Qing women, but also equally worthy of men to follow suit. The purpose of this article is to examine the image changes of Western women in the late Qing dynasty and the process of constructing the model identity, revealing that the late Qing intellectuals accepted the complex features of Western women.