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籼稻6个亲本以双列杂交配成30个 F_1组合,方差分析表明,10种数量性状的一般配合力均方和特殊配合力均方,差异都极显著。各种性状的配合力效应不同,同一性状不同亲本的一般配合力也各异。F_1的特殊配合力,有时和亲本一般配合力有一致的趋势,但不排除从一般配合力效应都不高的双亲获得具有较高特殊配合力效应值的 F_1组合的可能性。配合力为亲本选配提供依据,在水稻杂种优势利用中,尤应重视特殊配合力效应。按随机模型估算遗传力,一般配合力及狭义遗传力高的性状,能够较整齐地传递给后代;狭义遗传力较低而特殊配合力方差较大的亲本性状为穗数、粒数和单株产量等,F_1特殊配合力变异范围广,因此,在实践中,水稻杂种一代往往表现强的穗、粒优势而收到显著的经济效益。
Six parents of indica rice were doubly crossed with 30 F_1 combinations. Analysis of variance showed that the average combining ability and the special combining ability of 10 quantitative characters were both significantly different. The combining effect of different traits is different, and the general combining ability of different parents with the same trait is also different. The special combining ability of F_1 tends to be consistent with the general combining ability of parents but does not rule out the possibility of obtaining F_1 combinations with higher special combining ability effect from parents whose general combining ability is not high. Combining ability provides the basis for the matching of parents, especially in the utilization of heterosis in rice, especially with special combining ability effect. According to the stochastic model, the heritability, general combining ability and narrow heritability of high heritability were able to be passed on to the offspring neatly. The parents with narrow heritability and high variance of specific combining ability were panicles, Yield and so on. The variation range of F_1 special combining ability is wide. Therefore, in practice, rice hybrids often show strong spike and grain advantages and receive significant economic benefits.