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大麦白粉病是由布氏白粉菌属大麦专化型活体寄生菌Blumeria graminis f.sp.hordei(Bgh)引起的真菌病害,在全球大麦种植区普遍发生,危害日趋严重。大麦白粉病菌与寄主之间存在着“基因对基因”的关系,分化为不同的生理小种或致病型。由于病原菌基因突变、重组和流动以及寄主的选择作用,大麦Bgh种群毒性、致病型频率和分布不断发生变化。随着分子生物学技术飞速发展,应用分子标记已对30多个Bgh无毒基因位点进行了连锁作图分析,已克隆了Bgh无毒基因AVRk1和AVRa10,Bgh全基因组测序现已完成。文章综述了大麦白粉病菌的侵染循环、遗传分化及其无毒基因的定位、克隆和致病机制研究进展,并探讨了基于病原菌毒性进化和基因组解码信息获得持久控制大麦白粉病的有效手段。
Barley powdery mildew is a fungal disease caused by Blumeria graminis f. Sp. Hordei (Bgh), a specialized malformed B. parasitica of barley genus, which is prevalent in global barley growing areas and harms more and more. Barley powdery mildew exists between the host and the existence of “gene on the gene ” relationship, differentiation into different physiological races or pathogenicity. Due to pathogen gene mutation, recombination and flow, and host selection, the toxicity and pathogenicity of Bgh population in barley changed continuously. With the rapid development of molecular biology techniques, more than 30 Bgh non-toxic gene loci have been linked and analyzed by molecular markers. The Bgh avirulence genes AVRk1 and AVRa10 have been cloned and the whole genome sequence of Bgh has been completed. In this paper, the progress of infection cycle, genetic differentiation, location and cloning of non-toxic genes and pathogenesis of powdery mildew of barley were summarized. Effective methods for long-term control of barley powdery mildew were also discussed based on the evolution of pathogenic bacteria and genome decoding information.