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秦汉土地所有制的性质,学者们多有争议,有的说基本国有制,有的说基本私有制。本文从考察秦汉的“名田”、“受田”、“公田”、“私田”等涵义入手,希望能有助于这个问题的解决。据史料记载,秦汉实行着名田制度。《史记·商君列传》说:“明尊卑爵秩等级,各以差次名田宅,臣妾衣服以家次。”这是商鞅变法的内容之一。什么是“名田宅”?“名田宅”,就是按照爵位的等级分配给数量不等的耕地与宅地。名田、授田、分田本来是一回事。授田与分田这两个概念很明白,唯“名田”之“名”的由来尚需考察。《商君书·境内》有云:“四境之内,丈夫女子,皆有名于上,生者著,死者削。《商君书·徕民》又说当时的三晋,“土狭而民众”,土地不够分配,于是规定不让“上无通名,下无田宅”的商人和高利贷者登记户口,因而不给他们分配土地。把这两处记
The nature of land ownership in Qin and Han Dynasties, scholars are more controversial, and some say that the basic state-owned, some say that the basic private ownership. This article starts from the investigation of Qin and Han Dynasties such as “Ming Tian”, “Tian”, “Gong Tian” and “Private Land”, hoping to help solve this problem. According to historical records, Qin and Han Dynasties implemented the famous field system. “Shi Ji Shang Jun Biography” said: “The Ming respect the rank of rankings, each with a difference Tian field house, concubine clothes to family times.” This is Shang Yang one of the contents of the reform. What is “Tian Tian Zhai”? “Tian Tian Zhai” is allocated to a large number of cultivated land and residential land according to the grade of the title. Tian Tian, Tian Tian, sub-field was originally the same thing. The two concepts of giving field and sub-field are well understood. Only the origin of “famous name” in “famous field” still needs to be inspected. “Shangjun book territory” goes: “Within the four borders, the husband and the woman, are famous, the living with the deceased cut.” Business Man book Lai people “also said the then Sanjin,” narrow and People “, and the land was not distributed enough, it was stipulated not to allow the merchants and loan sharks” who did not belong to the same name to go down to land without a house "to register their accounts and therefore would not allocate land to them.