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农田土壤种子库是近年来国际上农田杂草生态学关注的热点领域之一。作为农田潜杂草群落,在构建地上杂草群落的结构以及发挥杂草群落的生态功能上起着非常重要而又独特的作用。不同的作物轮作可提供多种类型的农事管理措施,形成杂草生境的多样化,限制对某一生境有着良好适应性杂草种类的生长,进而影响着土壤种子库的动态特征。此外杂草本身生物学特性的差异也影响着土壤种子库的动态特征。本文在收集国内外不同作物轮作制度下土壤种子库研究资料的基础上,系统综述了不同作物轮作制度下土壤种子库的密度与物种组成、空间分布格局、多样性以及与地上杂草群落的关系等动态特征,并就目前我国农田土壤种子库研究中亟需解决的部分问题进行了探讨,指出近期可以在土壤种子库的遗传变异、土壤种子库的类型和长期性、土壤种子库特征的变化机制、轮作制度变化后土壤种子库的特征等四个方面开展工作,指导农田土壤种子库的研究。
Farmland soil seed bank is one of the hot areas in the field of weed ecology in recent years. As the weedy farmland, it plays a very important and unique role in constructing the structure of the weed community on the ground and the ecological function of the weed community. Different crop rotation can provide various types of agricultural management measures to form weeds habitat diversity, limiting the growth of well-adapted weed species in a given habitat, which in turn affects the dynamic character of the soil seed bank. In addition weeds own biological differences also affect the dynamic characteristics of soil seed bank. Based on the data collected from soil seed banks under different crop rotation systems at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the relationship between density and species composition, spatial distribution pattern, diversity and soil weed community under different crop rotation systems And some of the problems that need to be solved urgently in the research of farmland soil seed bank in our country at present are discussed. It is pointed out that the recent genetic variation in soil seed bank, the type and long-term of soil seed bank, the change of soil seed bank characteristics Mechanism, the characteristics of the soil seed bank after the change of crop rotation system, and so on, to guide the research on the farmland soil seed bank.