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目的:探讨骨形成蛋白4(BMP4)对单侧输尿管梗阻(UUo)小鼠肾组织白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)表达及细胞凋亡的影响.方法:将32只雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为生理盐水-假手术组、生理盐水-UUO组、BMP4抗体-假手术组、BMP4抗体-UUO组各8只,各组均于手术日起每天分别给予小鼠抗人BMP4抗体200 μL/g或等量生理盐水腹腔注射,术后7d处死小鼠取材.采用免疫荧光法观察正常小鼠肾脏组织BMP4的表达与分布;实时荧光定量PCR检测小鼠肾脏组织IL-1β mRNA的表达;TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡情况.结果:正常小鼠肾组织表达BMP4,主要分布于肾小管.BMP4抗体-假手术组和生理盐水-假手术组的IL-1β mRNA表达、细胞凋亡率比较差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05);BMP4抗体-UUO组IL-1β mRNA表达、细胞凋亡率低于生理盐水-UUO组(P均＜0.05).结论:BMP4可能参与了梗阻性肾病肾间质炎症及细胞凋亡过程,有可能作为肾脏疾病的治疗靶点.“,”Objective:To observe the effects of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) on the expression of IL-1β and apoptosis in mouse models of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO).Methods:Thirty-two C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups:saline-sham operated group (n =8),saline-UUO group (n =8),BMP4 antibody-sham operated group (n =8),and BMP4 antibodyUUO group (n =8).Each group was given intraperitoneal injection of either saline or BMP4 antibody (200 μL/g) every day after operation for 7 days.The mice were sacrificed at 7 day to evaluate the expression of BMP4 in renal tissue of normal mouse by immunofluorescence.Fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of IL-1β mRNA in each group.Besides,the renal cell apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL-assay.Results:The expressions of BMP4 were mainly distributed in the renal tubules of mice.Real-time PCR showed that the expression of IL-1β mRNA and apoptosis rate in BMP4 antibody-sham operated group and saline-sham operated group were with no significant differences (P＞0.05).The expression of IL-1β mRNA and apoptosis rate in BMP4 antibody-UUO group were less than saline-UUO group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:BMP4 participates in the process of renal interstitial inflammation and cell apoptosis in obstructive nephropathy,it can be used as a therapeutic target for renal disease.