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本文通过光学显微镜、电子显微镜、显微硬度计、电子能谱仪、X 光应力测定仪等测试手段,对不同磨削工艺的 GCr15钢平板试样及微型轴承滚道表面的磨削变质层进行分析研究,提出并建立了对这种表面极薄的变质层的物理测试方法。实验证明:磨削时由于磨削热及磨削力的作用,可以使 GCr15钢表层组织形态发生变化,形成高于150℃回火的高温回火组织,甚至产生二次淬火马氏体组织,导致表面层材料的硬度、化学成分和应力状态发生变化。这种变质层的形成势必造成微型轴承表面质量下降,使用寿命降低,从而提供了加工过程中必须严格控制磨削变质层的理论依据。
In this paper, through the optical microscope, electron microscope, microhardness tester, electron spectrometer, X-ray stress analyzer and other testing methods, grinding of different GCr15 steel plate sample and miniature bearing raceway surface grinding deterioration layer Analytical research, proposed and established a physical test method for this extremely thin layer of metamorphic layer. Experiments show that: Grinding due to grinding heat and grinding force can make GCr15 steel surface morphology changes, the formation of high temperature tempering above 150 ℃ tempering organization, or even produce secondary quenched martensite, Resulting in surface layer material hardness, chemical composition and stress changes. The formation of this metamorphic layer will inevitably lead to the reduction of surface quality of miniature bearings, reducing service life, thus providing a theoretical basis for the process of processing must be strictly controlled grinding of metamorphic layer.