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小额贷款是指金融机构向农户、商户、小微企业等资金需求者发放的金额较小的贷款,一般不超过20万元。因为小额贷款具有对象分散、成本较高、风险较大等特点,我国金融机构普遍将其作为一种普惠金融产品,即发展小额贷款更多的是为了扩大就业、缩小贫富差距和促进经济增长,是企业让利于社会、履行社会责任的一种体现。基于此,以盈利为导向的市场,普遍缺乏自发扩张小额贷款业务的动力。
Microfinance refers to the small amount of loans that financial institutions issue to farmers, merchants, small and micro enterprises, and other fund-holders, generally not exceeding 200,000 yuan. Because microfinance has the characteristics of decentralized objects, higher costs and greater risks, China’s financial institutions generally regard it as an inclusive financial product, that is, developing small-amount loans more to expand employment and narrow the gap between rich and poor Promoting economic growth is an embodiment of how enterprises can benefit society and fulfill their social responsibilities. Based on this, a profit-oriented market generally lacks motivation to spontaneously expand the microfinance business.