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对于一个球面光学系统来说,组成光学系统的各个透镜的球面中心被假定在一条直线上,这条直线就是系统的光轴,这样的系统称为共轴球面光学系统。光学系统的设计理论就建立在这样有公共的光轴的基础上。各个透镜的球面中心若不落在这条公共的光轴上,即共轴性被破坏,总是引起光学系统成像质量的恶化。为了保证共轴性的实现,对于组成光学系统的各个透镜应规定中心偏的要求,同样,对整个系统的装配,也应规定中心偏的要求。例如,有一双分离物镜,由一正透镜和一负透镜组成,并有一光栏(入瞳)。这时系统的光轴通过光栏中心 P 和两个透镜的四个球心 O_1、O_2、O_3、O_4,这就是系统的光轴(以
For a spherical optical system, the spherical centers of the individual lenses that make up the optical system are assumed to be in a straight line, which is the optical axis of the system. Such a system is called a coaxial spherical optical system. The optical system design theory is based on such a common optical axis. If the spherical center of each lens does not fall on this common optical axis, that is, the coaxiality is destroyed, always causing deterioration of the optical system imaging quality. In order to ensure the realization of the coaxiality, each lens constituting the optical system should be required to center the partial requirements, the same, the assembly of the entire system, should also provide the center bias requirements. For example, there are a pair of separate objective lenses, consisting of a positive lens and a negative lens, and a light barrier (entrance pupil). At this time, the optical axis of the system passes through the center of the light bar P and the four spherical centers O_1, O_2, O_3 and O_4 of the two lenses. This is the optical axis of the system