论文部分内容阅读
近七十年来,研究微观世界的物理学家们已经采用加速的粒子去探测太小而不能看到的结构,并阐明有关它们的结构资料。这种办法开始用于研究分子和原子,进而研究原子核,而现在正用于探讨比原子还小的,例如质子和中子的结构和性能。 起初物理学家们使用由自然界的放射性物质产生阿尔法,β和加玛射线这样一些自然加速粒子。但是进一步需要研究较小或更小的物质时,用于探测的粒子所需要的能量随之而增加,因而必须研制出一种人工加速粒子的办法。
For nearly seventy years, physicists working on the microscopic world have used accelerated particles to detect structures that are too small to see and elucidate their structure. This approach has been used to study molecules and atoms, and then to study nuclei, which are now being used to explore the structure and properties of protons and neutrons that are smaller than atoms. Initially, physicists used naturally accelerated particles such as alpha, beta, and gamma rays from nature’s radioactive material. However, further research on smaller or smaller materials is required, as the amount of energy required to detect the particles increases, and therefore a way to artificially accelerate the particles has to be developed.