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目的为了解1起甲肝疫情,查找疫情的相关危险因素,控制疫情的继续蔓延提供科学依据。方法建立病例定义,开展病例搜索、个案调查和现场流行病学调查,采集密切接触者血清标本及患者家庭水标本,进行现场接种率调查。结果共发现甲肝病例10例,罹患率为3.85%;发病主要集中在9~10月,占病例总数的70.00%;男性7例,女性3例;发病年龄为4~17岁,其中6~11岁占总病例的70.00%;职业以学生为主;病例主要集中在该村小学,有3个家庭聚集(8例病例),6人有同学关系;密切接触者隐性感染率23.08%;调查甲肝疫苗接种率62.50%。流行曲线提示为人传人增殖模式暴发。结论该疫情是由于医院监测敏感性低,未及时诊断隔离病人,发病年龄人群卫生习惯差,免疫接种率不高引起的日常生活接触传播。
Objective To understand the epidemic situation of Hepatitis A, find out the relevant risk factors of the epidemic, and provide the scientific basis for controlling the continued spread of the epidemic. Methods To establish case definition, carry out case search, case investigation and epidemiological investigation in the field. Serum samples of close contacts and water samples of patients were collected to investigate the vaccination coverage. Results A total of 10 hepatitis A cases were found, the attack rate was 3.85%. The incidence mainly concentrated in September to October, accounting for 70.00% of the total cases; 7 males and 3 females; the age of onset was 4 to 17 years, of which 6 to 11 Accounting for 70.00% of the total cases; occupations are mainly students; the cases are mainly concentrated in the village primary school, with three families (8 cases), 6 students with classmates; close contact with latent infection rate of 23.08%; survey Hepatitis A vaccination rate of 62.50%. Popular curve tips for the proliferation of human transmission mode outbreak. Conclusion The epidemic is due to the low sensitivity of the hospital surveillance, the isolation of patients without timely diagnosis, poor health habits of people of the age of onset, the immunization rate is not high caused by contact with daily life.