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为了计算渗水压力对心墙坝上游坝坡稳定性的影响,须掌握库水位降落时上游坝壳中自由水面的变化规律。本文利用模型试验模拟了上游坝坡坡比、库水位不同降落速率、坝壳料不同渗透系数对自由水面位置变化的影响,并把模型试验结果与有限元计算结果、经验公式法计算结果相比较。从试验结果及有限元计算结果可知,库水位降落速度越快,自由水面线位置越高,最高点高度越大。坝壳坡度越陡,自由水面的位置越低。坝壳料渗透系数达2.45×10-1cm/s时,有限元计算分析结果比模型试验得到的自由水面最高点稍高,经验公式法得到的计算结果最小。
In order to calculate the effect of water seepage pressure on the stability of dam slope upstream of the core wall dam, it is necessary to know the variation rule of free water surface in the upstream dam shell when the reservoir water level falls. In this paper, the effect of upstream slope slope ratio, different landing rates of reservoir water level and different permeability coefficients of dam shell material on the free water surface are simulated by model tests. The results of model tests are compared with the results of finite element method and empirical formula method . From the test results and the finite element calculation results, it can be seen that the faster the water level of the reservoir falls, the higher the position of the free water line and the height of the highest point. The steeper the slope of the dam shell, the lower the free surface position. When the permeability coefficient of dams reaches 2.45 × 10-1cm / s, the finite element analysis results are slightly higher than the free surface maximum obtained by the model test, and the empirical formula method has the least calculation results.